Filtration

• What are the methods used for separating mixtures mentioned in the study material?

  Filtration and crystallisation
• What is the primary purpose of filtration in chemistry?


  To separate insoluble solids from liquids
• When would you use filtration in a chemical process?


  When the product is an insoluble solid that needs to be separated from a liquid reaction mixture
• How can filtration be used in purification processes?


  It can separate solid impurities from a liquid reaction mixture
• What does the term 'insoluble' mean in the context of filtration?


  It means the solid can't be dissolved in the liquid
• What are the key steps involved in the filtration process?

  • Prepare the filtration apparatus
  • Pour the mixture into the filter paper
  • Collect the liquid that passes through (filtrate)
  • Retain the solid on the filter paper (residue)
• What is the role of filter paper in the filtration process?


  • Acts as a barrier to separate solids from liquids
  • Allows only the liquid (filtrate) to pass through
  • Retains the insoluble solid (residue)
• What is a mixture in chemistry?


  Two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined.
• How can mixtures be separated?

  By filtration, crystallisation, chromatography, and distillation.
• What type of processes are used to separate mixtures?

  Physical processes that do not involve chemical reactions.
• What happens to substances when mixtures are separated?


  No new substances are made during the separation of mixtures.
• What is filtration used for in separating mixtures?


  To separate insoluble solids from liquids.
• Give an example of filtration in separating mixtures.


  Separating sand from a mixture of sand and water.
• How can filtration be used in a chemical reaction context?


  To separate excess reactant from a reaction mixture.
• What is the function of filter paper in filtration?


  It has tiny holes that allow small molecules and dissolved ions to pass through.
• What types of particles can filter paper not let through?


  Larger particles cannot pass through filter paper.
• What are the components involved in the filtration process?


  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Filter paper
  • Filter funnel
• What is the sequence of components in a filtration setup?


  1. Solid + liquid mixture
  2. Filter paper
  3. Filter funnel
  4. Solid residue
  5. Liquid filtrate
• What is rock salt composed of?


  A mixture of salt and sand
• Why is rock salt spread on roads in winter?


  To prevent ice formation and improve traction
• What is the key difference between salt and sand in terms of solubility?


  Salt dissolves in water, while sand does not
• What is the process to separate salt from sand using filtration and crystallisation?


  1. Grind the mixture to make salt crystals small.
  2. Dissolve the mixture in water by stirring.
  3. Filter the mixture to separate sand from salt.
  4. Evaporate the water to obtain salt.
• Why is it important to grind the mixture of rock salt before dissolving it?


  To ensure the salt crystals are small and dissolve easily
• What happens to the sand when the mixture is filtered?

  The sand collects on the filter paper
• What is the final step in the process of separating salt from sand?

  Evaporate the water from the salt
• What role does water play in the separation of salt and sand?


  Water dissolves the salt while sand remains undissolved
• How does the physical property of solubility aid in the separation of salt and sand?


  It allows salt to dissolve in water while sand does not, enabling filtration