Nanoparticles

• What are nanoparticles defined by in terms of size?

  Nanoparticles have a diameter between 1 nm (1 × 10⁻⁹ m) and 10 nm (1 × 10⁻⁸ m).
• What is the diameter range for coarse particles (PM₁₀)?


  Coarse particles have a diameter between 1 μm (1 × 10⁻⁶ m).
• What is the diameter range for fine particles (PM₂.₅)?


  Fine particles have a diameter between 100 nm (1 × 10⁻⁷ m) and 1 μm (1 × 10⁻⁶ m).
• What is the diameter range for ultrafine particles (UFPs)?

  Ultrafine particles have a diameter between 10 nm (1 × 10⁻⁸ m) and 100 nm (1 × 10⁻⁷ m).
• What is the field of science that studies nanoparticles called?


  It is called nanoscience.
• Why is the surface area to volume ratio important for nanoparticles?


  It affects the way that a particle behaves.
• How does the surface area to volume ratio change as particles decrease in size?


  The surface area to volume ratio increases as particles decrease in size.
• How do you calculate the surface area to volume ratio?


  • Surface area to volume ratio = surface area ÷ volume
• What is the surface area to volume ratio of a cube with sides of length 100 nm?


  The surface area to volume ratio is $0.06 \text{ nm}^{-1}$.
• What is the surface area to volume ratio of a cube with sides of length 10 nm?


  The surface area to volume ratio is $0.6 \text{ nm}^{-1}$.
• How does the surface area to volume ratio change when the size of the cube is increased to 500 nm?


  The surface area to volume ratio would decrease.
• What are the implications of having a high surface area to volume ratio in nanoparticles compared to bulk materials?


  • Nanoparticles have a very high surface area to volume ratio.
  • This can cause different properties compared to bulk materials.
  • Less material is needed for nanoparticles to act as effective catalysts.
• How many atoms do nanoparticles typically contain?


  They typically contain only a few hundred atoms.
• How much larger are nanoparticles compared to atoms and molecules?


  Nanoparticles are between ten and one hundred times larger than atoms and molecules.
• What are nanoparticles defined by in terms of their diameter?

  Nanoparticles have a diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm.
• What is the diameter range for coarse particles (PM₁₀)?


  Coarse particles have a diameter between 2500 nm and 10,000 nm.
• What is the diameter range for fine particles (PM_2.5)?


  Fine particles have a diameter between 100 nm and 2500 nm.
• What is the significance of the surface area to volume ratio in nanoparticles?


  It affects the way that a particle behaves.
• How does the surface area to volume ratio change as particles decrease in size?


  The surface area to volume ratio increases as particles decrease in size.
• How do you calculate the surface area to volume ratio?


  • Surface area to volume ratio = surface area ÷ volume
• What is the surface area to volume ratio of a cube with sides of length 100 nm?


  The surface area to volume ratio is $0.06 \text{ nm}^{-1}$.
• What is the surface area to volume ratio of a cube with sides of length 10 nm?


  The surface area to volume ratio is $0.6 \text{ nm}^{-1}$.
• Why do nanoparticles have different properties compared to bulk materials?

  Because their high surface area to volume ratio affects their behavior and effectiveness.
• What is the size range of nanoparticles compared to atoms and molecules?


  Nanoparticles are between one and one hundred times larger than atoms and molecules.
• What is one potential application of nanoparticles that can conduct electricity?


  They can be used in tiny electric circuits for computer chips.
• What is one risk associated with using nanoparticles in medicine?


  The long-term impacts on human health are not fully understood.
• Which nanoparticles could be used for making car windows that can quickly be defrosted in winter?


  Silver nanoparticles could be used because they conduct heat.
• What are some uses of nanoparticles in everyday products?


  • Drug delivery systems in medicine
  • Antibacterial properties in surgical masks and wound dressings
  • Enhancements in cosmetics for better moisturization
  • Improved sun creams for UV protection
• What are the concerns regarding the use of nanoparticles in products?


  • Unknown long-term health impacts
  • Need for clear labeling on products
  • Potential environmental damage when washed away
• What is the particle model in relation to matter?


  It suggests that particles aren't solid and can be inelastic or compressible.
• What does the particle model not consider about particles?


  It doesn't consider how strong the particles are or how they interact.
• What are nanoparticles?


  Particles with a diameter of 1 nm to 100 nm.
• Why is the surface area of nanoparticles important?


  The uses of nanoparticles depend more on their surface area than their volume.
• How can nanoparticles be used as catalysts?


  Because the exposed surface area is important, less material is needed when using nanoparticles.
• What is nanomedicine?


  Research on how fullerenes can deliver drugs around the body.
• Why are nanoparticles useful in electrical circuits?


  Some nanoparticles can conduct electricity and are used in computer chips.
• What antibacterial properties do silver nanoparticles have?


  They can diffuse into wound dressings to kill bacteria.
• What is a concern regarding the effects of nanoparticles on the body?


  Their effects on our body are not fully understood.
• Why do some people believe nanoparticles should be regulated more strictly?


  There is a concern about their potential harm and the need for clear labeling.
• How are nanoparticles used in sunscreen?


  They tend to be more effective at protecting skin against harmful UV rays.