APPROACH

• WHAT ARE THE PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT?

  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latency
  5. Genital

  (Old age pensioners love Guinness)
• ORAL STAGE?

  • birth - 1 year
  • mouth is main focus of pleasure
  • child enjoys tasting and sucking
  • resolution is weaning

  FIXATION

  • orally receptive adults (passive, needy, sensitive to rejection, overeats, bites nails, smoke, chews pens)
  • orally aggressive adults (hostile, verbally abusive)
• ANAL STAGE?

  • 1 - 3 years
  • anus is main source of pleasure
  • child enjoys control over defecation
  • resolution is potty training

  FIXATION

  • anally retentive adult (tidy, stubborn, likes order and being in control)
  • anally expulsive adult (disorganised, chaotic, does not follow rules)
• PHALLIC STAGE?

  • 3 - 5 years
  • huge focus on genitals
  • resolution is identification with same-sex parent (= development of superego)

  BOYS - OEDIPUS COMPLEX

  • wants mother as 'primary love object' + father out way
  • fears father knows and will castrate him (punishment)
  • identifies with father to stop castration anxiety

  GIRLS - ELECTRA COMPLEX

  • desires mother
  • develops penis envy of father
  • hostile towards mother (believes she castrated her)
  • attraction to father (give baby as penis substitute)

  FIXATION

  • unusually narcissistic/ overambitious behaviour in boys
  • unusually seductive/ submissive behaviour in girls
• LATENCY STAGE?

  • 5 years - puberty
  • earlier conflicts are repressed
  • child develops calmly
  • sensual urges channelled into sports/ other hobbies
  • focus on developing same-sex friendships

  FIXATION

  • none
• GENITAL STAGE?

  • puberty - adulthood
  • sexual desires become conscious
  • task is to develop healthy adult sexual relationships (should happen if earlier stages are completed)

  FIXATION

  • causes difficult forming relationships in adult life
• ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS?

  • Freud suggested lot of behaviour directed by unconscious forces
  • have preconscious (sometimes aware)
  • unconscious mind (full of biological drives/ repressed, disturbing childhood memories)
• STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY?

  ID, ego, superego
• ID?

  • pleasure principle
  • present from birth in unconscious mind
  • selfish
  • unreasonable
  • seeks pleasure no matter the cost
• EGO?

  • reality principle
  • develops from birth during oral stage
  • reduces conflict between ID and superego
  • uses defence mechanisms
  • realistic
  • rational
  • aware of what can/ cannot have
• SUPEREGO?

  • morality principle
  • appears at end of phallic stage (once identified with same-sex parent)
  • partially in conscious mind
  • idealistic
  • perfectionist
  • always wants to be good/ behave in correct way
• DEFENCE MECHANISMS?

  repression, denial, displacement
• REPRESSION?

  suppressing a distressing memory so it is kept from conscious awareness
• DENIAL?

  refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality
• DISPLACEMENT?

  taking distressing emotions out on substitute target