COMPARISON

• PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH?

  • interactionist
  • psychic determinism
  • partly reductionist (behaviour driven by sexual urges), partly holistic (personality has many components)
  • idiographic approach (investigations) and nomothetic approach (theories)
  • uses interviews and case studies
• BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH?

  • nurture
  • environmental determinism
  • environmental reductionism
  • nomothetic approach
  • uses experiments
• HUMANISTIC APPROACH?

  • nurture
  • free will
  • holism
  • idiographic approach
  • uses interviews
• COGNITIVE APPROACH?

  • interactionist
  • soft determinism
  • machine reductionism
  • nomothetic approach
  • uses experiments
• SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY?

  • mainly nurture (does not ignore biology however)
  • reciprocal determinism
  • slightly holistic
  • more nomothetic in research technique but does not make general laws
  • uses experiments + observational techniques
• BIOLOGICAL APPROACH?

  • nature
  • biological determinism
  • biological reductionism
  • nomothetic approach
  • uses twin studies, brain scanning techniques, drug trials
• NATURE VS NURTURE DEBATE?

  PSYCHODYNAMIC: interactionist

  BEHAVIOURIST: nurture

  HUMANISTIC: nurture

  COGNITIVE: interactionist

  SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY: nurture

  BIOLOGICAL: nature
• FREE WILL VS DETERMINISM DEBATE?

  PSYCHODYNAMIC: psychic determinism

  BEHAVIOURIST: environmental determinism

  HUMANISTIC: free will

  COGNITIVE: soft determinism

  SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY: reciprocal determinism

  BIOLOGICAL: biological determinism
• HOLISM VS REDUCTIONISM?

  PSYCHODYNAMIC: partly reductionist, partly holistic

  BEHAVIOURIST: environmental reductionism

  HUMANISTIC: holism

  COGNITIVE: machine reductionism

  SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY: slightly holistic

  BIOLOGICAL: biological reductionism
• IDIOGRAPHIC VS NOMOTHETIC?

  PSYCHODYNAMIC: idiographic + nomothetic approach

  BEHAVIOURIST: nomothetic approach

  HUMANISTIC: idiographic approach

  COGNITIVE: nomothetic approach

  SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY: more nomothetic in research technique but doesn't make general laws

  BIOLOGICAL: nomothetic approach
• METHODS OF INVESTIGATION?

  PSYCHODYNAMIC: interviews + case studies

  BEHAVIOURIST: experiments

  HUMANISTIC: interviews

  COGNITIVE: experiments

  SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY: experiments + observational techniques

  BIOLOGICAL: twin studies, brain scanning techniques + drug trials