CB1B

• What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?


  It makes things happen in the cell.
• What role does the cytoplasm play in a cell?


  It facilitates chemical reactions within the cell.
• What is the function of the cell membrane?


  It controls what comes in and out of the cell.
• Where does energy release occur in a cell?


  In the mitochondria.
• What do ribosomes produce in a cell?


  They make proteins.
• What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?


  They store substances and help maintain turgor pressure.
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?


  They are involved in photosynthesis.
• What is the process of photosynthesis?


  It combines sunlight, water, and CO2 to make food.
• What is chlorophyll's role in photosynthesis?


  It captures sunlight for the process.
• What are the products of photosynthesis?


  Glucose and oxygen (O2).
• What are the main components of an animal cell?

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• What are the main components of a plant cell?

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
  • Vacuoles
  • Chloroplasts
• What are cells considered in biological terms?


  Cells are the basic building blocks of life.
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?


  A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently.
• How do bacterial cells differ from animal and plant cells in terms of organism structure?


  Bacterial cells can be whole organisms, while animal and plant cells are multicellular.
• How many types of cells are mentioned in the study material?


  Three types: animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells.
• What is the total estimated number of cells in an adult human?


  Over 40 trillion cells.
• What are the main subcellular structures found in both animal and plant cells?


  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• What is the function of the cell membrane?


  The cell membrane controls which substances can pass in and out of the cell.
• What does the nucleus contain and what is its role?


  The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and controls the activities of the cell.
• What is cytoplasm and what occurs within it?

  Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance where chemical reactions take place and subcellular structures are suspended.
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?


  Mitochondria provide energy by breaking down sugars in a process called aerobic respiration.
• What is the process by which mitochondria release energy?


  Aerobic respiration.
• What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?


  Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
• What additional structures do plant cells have compared to animal cells?

  • Rigid cell wall made of cellulose
  • Permanent vacuole containing cell sap
  • Chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?


  The cell wall provides support and structure to the cell.
• What is contained within the permanent vacuole of a plant cell?


  The permanent vacuole contains cell sap, which is a mixture of sugars, salts, and water.
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?


  Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs.
• What substance do chloroplasts contain that is essential for photosynthesis?


  Chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy.
• What type of cells are bacteria classified as?


  Bacteria are classified as prokaryotic cells.
• What is the genetic material structure in bacterial cells?


  Bacterial cells have a single circular strand of DNA that floats in the cytoplasm.
• What are plasmids in bacterial cells?


  Plasmids are small rings of DNA that carry extra genes.
• What is the function of flagella in some bacteria?


  Flagella allow bacteria to move by rotating to propel them along.
• What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?


  • Prokaryotic cells:
  • Unicellular
  • No nucleus
  • Circular DNA
  • No mitochondria or chloroplasts

  
  

  • Eukaryotic cells:
  • Multicellular
  • Have a nucleus
  • Linear DNA
  • Contain mitochondria and chloroplasts