feminism

• What is the main focus of feminism as a movement?


  To end the systematic oppression and exploitation of women
• How does feminism relate to Functionalism and Marxism?


  Feminism is a structural theory, similar to Functionalism and Marxism
• What is the source of conflict according to feminists?


  Gender is the source of conflict, unlike Marxists who focus on social class
• What do feminists argue is the most significant form of inequality?


  Gender inequality
• What do feminists believe about the universality of gender inequality?


  They believe gender inequality is universal
• What are the three waves of feminism and their focuses?

  • First wave: Suffrage movement (19th and 20th century)
  • Second wave: Reproductive rights, sexuality, wage gap (post-WWII)
  • Third wave: Ending patriarchy, focus on female victims, rejection of identity (1990s)
• What are the different types of feminism?

  • Liberal Feminism
  • Radical Feminism
  • Marxist Feminism
  • Difference Feminism
• What do all types of feminism share in common?


  They believe gender inequality is a social construction maintained through socialization
• How do feminists view the division of society?


  They see society as divided between men and women
• What is patriarchy according to feminists?


  A social system where positions of dominance and privilege are primarily held by men
• What do liberal feminists believe about the nature of inequality?


  They believe inequality is cultural, not structural
• What do radical feminists argue about the cause of women's oppression?


  They argue it is directly caused by men and patriarchal structures
• What is the radical feminist approach to achieving change?


  They advocate for collective action and creation of women-only spaces
• How do radical feminists view heterosexual relationships?


  They see them as 'sleeping with the enemy'
• What are the two categories of radical feminism according to Tong?


  Radical libertarian and radical cultural feminism
• What do Marxist feminists believe is the main cause of women's oppression?


  Capitalism, not patriarchy
• How do Marxist feminists view the role of women in the labor force?


  Women reproduce the labor force and socialize them for free
• What do Marxist feminists argue about the nuclear family?


  It is a form of ideological control
• What do liberal feminists criticize about the focus of feminism?


  They argue it reflects only the experiences of white, middle-class women
• What do radical feminists ignore according to their critics?


  They ignore the positive progress made towards women's equality
• What do difference feminists argue about previous feminist theories?


  They claim these theories reflect the experiences of white, middle-class women only
• What is 'false universality' in the context of difference feminism?


  It refers to the claim that previous feminist theories are about all women but only reflect certain experiences
• What do difference feminists criticize about the concept of 'essentialism'?


  They argue it fails to recognize different experiences of women's oppression
• What is a criticism of dividing women into sub-groups according to difference feminists?


  It weakens the overall feminist movement and desire for change
• What are some criticisms of feminism?

  • Ignores positive progress towards equality
  • Overemphasizes separatism
  • Accused of misandry
  • Reflects only white, middle-class women's experiences
• What are some additional resources for understanding feminism?

  • https://www.coe.int/en/web/gender-matters/feminism-and-women-s-rights-movements
  • https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/gender-inequalities-past-issues-and-future-possibilities/
  • https://www.theguardian.com/education/mortarboard/2013/jun/20/why-i-started-a-feminist-society