De-individuation AO3

• What is a strength of the concept of deindividuation?


  There is research to support it.
• What was the main task participants had to perform in Zimbardo's study on deindividuation?


  Deliver electric shocks to another student to 'aid learning'.
• How many undergraduates participated in Zimbardo's classic study on deindividuation?


  Four undergraduates in each group.
• What distinguished the two groups of participants in Zimbardo's study?


  One group wore lab coats and hoods, while the other wore normal clothes and name tags.
• What was the effect of de-individuation on participants in Zimbardo's study regarding the duration of holding the shock button?


  Participants in the de-individuation condition held the shock button down for twice as long.
• Why is the research on de-individuation significant according to the study material?


  It supports the idea that anonymity increases aggression.
• What conclusion can be drawn about the reliability of the research on deindividuation?


  It is considered reliable.
• What is a weakness of the concept of deindividuation?


  There are gender differences.
• What did Cannavale et al. (1970) find regarding male and female groups under deindividuation conditions?


  Male and female groups responded differently, with aggression increasing only in all-male groups.
• Why is the finding of Cannavale et al. (1970) significant for the theory of deindividuation?


  It suggests that the theory may only apply to males.
• What is one possible reason for the gender differences observed in deindividuation studies?


  Males tend to respond to provocation in more extreme ways than females.
• How are the tendencies of males to respond to provocation affected under deindividuation conditions?


  These tendencies are magnified under deindividuation conditions.
• What does the theory of deindividuation imply about gender bias?


  • The theory is gender biased.
  • It particularly exhibits beta bias.
• What is a strength of the concept of deindividuation?


  It has real-world application
• How did Mann (1981) use deindividuation in his research?


  He explained the 'baiting crowd' phenomenon related to suicide jumpers
• How many suicide leaps did Mann analyze in his study?


  21 suicide leaps
• What time of day did the baiting incidents mostly occur?


  At night
• What was a common feature of the crowd during the baiting incidents?


  The crowd was large and some distance from the jumper
• Why is the state of deindividuation significant in Mann's findings?


  It likely contributed to the crowd's behavior during the incidents
• What does the notion of an anonymous crowd suggest about deindividuation?


  It suggests that the crowd acts as a de-individuated 'mob'
• What conclusion can be drawn about deindividuation from Mann's study?


  It can help explain real-life aggression
• What is a strength of the concept of deindividuation?


  It occurs in various other cultures.
• What did Watson (1973) study regarding warriors in different societies?


  He studied how warriors changed their appearance before going to war and their violent behaviors.
• How many societies did Watson (1973) collect data from?


  23 societies
• What types of changes in appearance did warriors make according to Watson's study?


  They used war paint, tribal costumes, etc.
• What was the relationship found in Watson's study between appearance changes and violent behaviors?


  Societies where warriors changed their appearance were more destructive toward their victims.
• Why are the results of Watson's study significant?


  They reveal a significant relationship between deindividuation and aggressive behaviors in warfare.
• What conclusion can be drawn about deindividuation and aggression based on the study's findings?


  The link between deindividuation and aggression is evident across many different cultures.