water

• What type of molecule is water?

  Dipolar molecule
• Why does water have an unevenly distributed charge?

  Oxygen is slightly negative, hydrogen slightly positive
• What forms between different water molecules?

  Hydrogen bonds
• What are the key properties of water due to its dipolar nature and hydrogen bonds?

  • Metabolite in reactions
  • Important solvent
  • High heat capacity
  • Large latent heat of vaporisation
  • Strong cohesion
• What role does water play as a metabolite?

  Involved in condensation and hydrolysis reactions
• Why is water considered a good solvent?

  Many substances dissolve due to its dipolar nature
• How do polar molecules interact with water?

  They dissolve readily due to attraction
• What term describes molecules that are attracted to water?

  Hydrophilic
• What term describes molecules that repel water?

  Hydrophobic
• Why is high specific heat capacity important for organisms?

  It stabilizes internal temperatures
• What happens to heat energy when raising the temperature of water?

  Some energy breaks hydrogen bonds
• How does water's high latent heat of vaporisation benefit organisms?

  Provides cooling effect through evaporation
• What is the effect of sweating on body temperature?

  Cools the body by evaporating water
• What does cohesion in water allow for in plants?

  Continuous column of water in xylem
• What does surface tension in water enable?

  Small invertebrates to move on its surface
• How does the dipolar nature of water contribute to its properties?

  It leads to hydrogen bonding and unique characteristics
• What is the term for water's structural feature that describes its uneven charge distribution?

  Dipolar
• What structural feature of water allows it to be a good solvent?

  Dipolar nature
• What structural feature of water provides strong cohesion and high specific heat capacity?

  Hydrogen bonds
• How are oxygen and hydrogen held together within a water molecule?

  Covalent bonds
• How are water molecules held together?

  Hydrogen bonds
• What is the role of water in blood plasma?

  Approximately 90% is water
• What is the composition of cytoplasm in cells?

  It is largely composed of water
• Why is water essential for photosynthesis?

  It is a reactant in the process
• What is the significance of water's high latent heat of vaporisation for humans?

  It helps cool the body through sweating
• How does the property of cohesion benefit water transport in plants?

  It allows water to move as a continuous column
• What is the effect of water's high specific heat capacity on aquatic organisms?

  Provides a stable environment for survival
• What is the term for the attraction of water molecules to each other?

  Cohesion
• How does the dipolar nature of water affect its ability to dissolve substances?

  It allows polar substances to dissolve easily
• What is the role of hydrogen bonds in water's properties?

  They contribute to cohesion and high heat capacity
• Why is it important for enzymes to work optimally in a stable temperature?

  It ensures proper biochemical reactions occur
• How does the structure of water contribute to its role in biological systems?

  Its dipolar nature and hydrogen bonds enable vital functions
• What is the significance of water's role as a solvent in biological systems?

  It facilitates transport of essential substances
• How does water's high latent heat of vaporisation affect temperature regulation in organisms?

  It helps maintain stable internal temperatures
• What advantages does water's strong cohesion provide for plant life?

  It aids in water transport and surface tension
• What is the role of water in hydrolysis reactions?

  It acts as a reactant
• Why is water essential for life on Earth?

  It supports biochemical reactions and regulates temperature
• How does the dipolar nature of water influence its interactions with other molecules?

  It allows for hydrogen bonding with polar molecules
• What is the effect of water's high heat capacity on aquatic ecosystems?

  It stabilizes temperatures in aquatic environments
• How does water's role as a solvent benefit cellular processes?

  It enables transport and reaction of substances