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Biomechanics
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Cards (103)
what does biomechanics enable performers and coaches to do?
analyse
performance
maximise
movement efficiency
reduce
and prevent injury
design
and choose correct equipment
What is newtons first law?
a body continues in a state of rest or
uniform velocity
unless acted upon by an
external force
What is velocity?
the rate of
change
in
displacement
What is inertia?
the
resistance
of a
body
to change its
state of motion
Give a practical example of newton's first law?
sprinter
in the blocks
What is newtons second law?
a body rate of change in
momentum
is
proportional
to the size of the
force
applied
and acts in
same
direction
force is applied to
What is momentum?
the
quantity
of motion possessed by a
moving
body
What is newtons third law?
for every
action force
applied to a body there is an
equal
and
opposite
reaction force
Apply newtons third law to a sprinter in the blocks?
sprinter applies a
downward
and
backward
force into blocks, blocks provide an
equal
and
opposite
upward
and
forward
reaction force
to sprinter
What is the equation to work out velocity?
displacement
/
time taken
Whats the equation for momentum?
mass
x
velocity
What is the formula to work out acceleration?
(
final velocity
-
initial velocity
) /
time taken
What is the definition of a force?
a
push
or
pull
that alters the
state of motion
of a body
What is the equation to calculate force?
mass
x
acceleration
What is an internal force?
force generated by contraction of
skeletal muscle
Give an example of an internal force?
force of
bicep brachia
during
flexion
of elbow
What is an external force?
a force that comes from outside the
body
and is a force that acts upon the body
What are examples of external forces?
weight reaction
friction
air resistance
What is a net force?
overall force
acting
upon a body when all the
forces
have been
considered
What is a balanced force?
no
change
in
motion
, forces are
equal
and in
opposite
direction
What is an unbalanced force?
two forces are
unequal
in
size
and in
opposite
direction
, body will change state of motion by
accelerating
or
decelerating
What is a sporting example of negative net force?
a
shuttlecock
decrease
rapidly
as
air
resisitance
acts on it
What is the weight force?
the
gravitational
pull that the
earth
exerts on a body
What is the reaction force?
equal
and
opposite
force
exerted by a body in response to action force being placed upon it
What is the definition of friction?
force that opposes motion of two surfaces in contact - measured in
newtons
What is the definition of air resistance?
a
force
that opposes the motion of a
body
travelling through air
What factors affect friction?
surface
ROUGHNESS
temperature
of
surface
size
of
normal reaction
Give a sporting example of friction - footwear?
soles
of
runners
shoes
have
spikes
to increase the
ROUGHNESS
so increase
friction
Give a sporting example of friction - playing surface?
Tennis court
Grass - powerful serves better due to lack of friction
Clay
- powerful servers struggle as there is more friction
What is air resistance affected by?
velocity
shape
frontal cross-sectional area
smoothness
of
surface
What is air resisitance a form of?
fluid friction
What are the components of a lever?
load
effort
fulcrum
effort arm
load arm
What is the load?
the
weight
of
resistance
of the
lever arm
and anything attached to it
What is the effort?
the force of
muscular contraction
applied to move the
lever
What is the fulcrum?
the
pivot
or
fixed
point
about which the
lever
moves
What is the effort arm?
the distance between the
effort
and
fulcrum
What is the load arm?
distance between
load
and
fulcrum
Explain first class lever?
the
fulcrum
occurs between the
effort
and
load
e.g.
header
in
football
Explain second class lever?
load is between
effort
and
fulcrum
when you raise your
toes
up
Explain third class levers?
effort
lies between
fulcrum
and
load
bicep curl
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