Cells

• Organisms can be prokaryotes or eukaryotes
• Eukaryotes


  Organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells
• Prokayotes


  A prokaryote is a prokayotic cell (it's a single-celled organism)
• Eukaryotic cells are much larger than prokaryotic cells.
• Eukaryotic cells keep their DNA in the form of chromosomes within a nucleus, whilst prokaryotic cells have their DNA loose in the cell
• Animals Cell are...

  Eukaryotic
• Plant cells are...

  Eukaryotic
• Bacterial cells are...

  Prokaryotic
• 5 sub-cellular structures (organelles) that are in both animial and plant cells


  1. Cell Membrane
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Nucleus
  4. Mitochondria
  5. Cytoplasm
• What is the role of the cell membrane?


  A protective barrier around the outside of the cell

  It controls what substances go in and out of the cell
• What is the role of cytoplasm?


  A jelly-like liquid within the cell.

  Allows substances to dissolve in it and it is where chemical reactions occur.
• What is the role of the nucleus?


  Where DNA is stored, controls what the cell does
• What is the role of mitochondria?


  Carries out aerobic respiration, provides energy for the cell to use in chemical reactions.

  Powerhouse of the cell
• What is the role of ribosomes?


  Where proteins are made
• Name 3 organelles that are in plants cells but not animals cells.

  1. Vacuole
  2. Cell wall
  3. Chloroplast
• In plants, what is the cell wall made of?

  Cellulose
• What is the role of the plant cell wall?


  Provides strength and structure
• What does a permanent vacuole contain?


  Cell sap (sugars, salts and amino acids)
• What is the role of the vacuole?


  supports the cell, maintains its shape
• What is the role of chloroplasts?


  The site of photosynthesis, they make glucose for the cell
• What is chloropyhll?

  A green pigment that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, its what makes the plant green.
• Name 7 organelles found in bacterial cells


  1. Cell wall
  2. Cell membrane
  3. Cytoplasm
  4. Nucleoid
  5. Plasmid
  6. Ribosome
  7. Flagellum
• What are plasmids and what are their role?


  Small circular loops of DNA, they contain 'extra genes' that are sometimes useful to the bacteria, such as antibiotic resistance
• What is the prokaryotic cell wall composed of?


  Peptidoglycan