organisation

• What do we call a group of cells with similar structure and function?


  A tissue
• What is an organ?

  An organ is a group of tissues performing specific functions
• What is the term for a group of organs performing a specific function?

  An organ system
• What is the final term that encompasses all organ systems together?

  An organism
• What are enzymes made of?

  Enzymes are protein molecules
• Where are enzymes typically found?

  Enzymes are found in cells
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  The active site is a specific part of the enzyme's structure that binds to substrates
• What is the function of enzymes in biological reactions?

  Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions
• What model is used to explain how enzymes work?

  The lock and key model
• How does the shape of the substrate relate to the active site of an enzyme?

  The shape of the substrate is complementary to the shape of the active site
• What happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too high?

  The enzyme denatures and the active site changes shape
• How does pH affect enzyme activity?

  Enzymes work best at their optimum pH
• What is the role of bile in lipid digestion?

  Bile emulsifies fats and neutralizes stomach acid
• What is the test for starch?

  The iodine test
• What color change indicates the presence of starch in the iodine test?

  From orange to blue-black
• What is the test for protein?

  The biuret test
• What color indicates the presence of protein in the biuret test?

  A lilac color
• What is the test for lipids?

  The ethanol test
• What indicates the presence of lipids in the ethanol test?

  A cloudy white emulsion
• What is the test for sugars?

  The Benedict's test
• What color change indicates the presence of sugars in the Benedict's test?

  From blue to brick red
• What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

  The heart pumps blood throughout the body
• What separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart?

  Tissue in the middle of the heart
• What is the role of valves in the heart?

  Valves stop the backflow of blood
• What is a double circulatory system?

  A system where blood is pumped to the body and to the lungs
• What is the function of the pacemaker in the heart?

  The pacemaker controls the resting heart rate
• What is the structure of capillaries?

  Capillaries have very thin walls that are one cell thick
• Why are capillaries' walls thin?

  To allow for a short diffusion distance
• What is the structure of arteries?

  Arteries have a narrow lumen and thick muscle and elastic tissue layers
• What is the role of the lungs in the circulatory system?

  The lungs facilitate gas exchange
• What is the function of the aorta?

  The aorta carries oxygenated blood to the body
• What is the role of the vena cava?

  The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
• What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

  The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

  The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart
• What is the role of the liver in digestion?

  The liver produces bile for lipid digestion
• What is the function of the gallbladder?

  The gallbladder stores bile
• What is the role of lipase enzymes?

  Lipase enzymes break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
• What do protease enzymes do?

  Protease enzymes break down proteins into amino acids
• What do carbohydrase enzymes do?

  Carbohydrase enzymes break down carbohydrates into simple sugars
• What is the function of amylase?

  Amylase breaks down starch into simple sugars