Lipids

• What are the two types of lipids?

  Fats and oils
• What are lipids?

  Macromolecules containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• Lipids are non-polar & hydrophobic
• What are triglycerides made up of?

  1 glycerol molecule & 3 fatty acids
• What groups do fatty acids contain?

  Methyl group & carboxyl
• Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated
• Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds between carbons
• Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbons
• How many ester bonds does triglyceride form?


  3
• How many water molecules does the production of triglyceride release?


  3
• How do you break an ester bond?

  Add water (hydrolysis)
• What is a phospholipid made from?

  Glycerol, 2 fatty acids, & a phosphate,
• What is the solubility of phospholipids like?

  The phosphate heads are hydrophilic (soluble) but the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic (insoluble)
• What is a phospholipid membrane like?

  The phosphate heads face outward and the fatty acid tails face inward
• What are triglycerides for?

  Storing energy
• What are phospholipids for?

  Forming cell membranes
• What are lipids used for?

  Energy storage, insulation, and structural components of cell membranes.
• Where are saturated fats usually found?

  Animal fats
• Where are unsaturated fats usually found?


  Plant oils
• What state are saturated fats at room temp?


  Solid
• What state are unsaturated fats at room temp?


  Liquid
• What are three types of lipids?

  Phospholipids, triglycerides & cholesterol
• How are phospholipids different to triglycerides?

  Phospholipids have two fatty acid tails and one phosphate group
• What are the roles of cholesterol?

  • Membrane formation
  • Creation of hydrophobic barriers
  • Hormone production
  • Bile production
  • Electrical insulation
  • Waterproofing
• What substances are made from cholesterol?

  Testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone, bile & vitamin D