Geopolitics

• Borders

  1. Borders as political: used to legitimise territorial sovereignty of a state, combination of material and surveillance as a barrier (Amilhat Szary, 2018)
  2. Everyday bordering: abstract borders present in all aspects of life through different institutions, links to identity and immigration (Yuval-Davis, Wemyss, Cassidy 2018)
  3. Concept of borderlands: borders as spaces instead of lines, can be occupied: Mexico Maquiladoras (Ebnor, 2023)
  4. Conclusion: borders affect the everyday in their social, economic and environmental discourses which influence our perceptions of borders themselves
• Security

  1. Historically defined as a threat to sovereignty, now used in interest of stabilizing national socio-economics and independency. For example the cold war
  2. Feminist perspective: linking geopolitics and everyday life. For example: the feelings at airport security (Pain & Smith 2008)
  3. Practices of securitisation is not creating security for everyone, containment development, evidence for migrants taking more dangerous journeys and it is intended for security of Europe (Abebe, 2019)
• Nationalism

  1. The idea that a nation should have control over its current affairs and future through the right of sovereignty, combines political and national unit (Gelner, 1983)
  2. Nationalist movements are increasing: Scotland and devolution, EU referendum. However feelings of nationalism across citizens less so
  3. Different forms of nationalism, post colonial: Kenya use nationalism for decolonisation- street renaming
• Sovereignty

  1. Traditionally sovereignty means to hold absolute power e.g. Jean Bodin
  2. This is outdated, representations of soveriegnty shown in multiple spaces now, not always within a nation state e.g. United Nations- interventions that take away sovereignty. Stuart Eldon: US taking away sovereignty of others
  3. Globalisation has intensified sovereignty through technology e.g. sovereignty (Barkin)
• State

  1. set of social relations, rules and practices. Painter (2006) theory of the everyday state e.g. policing, pint
  2. contrastingly, the ideas of the waning state from Agnew (2005) of credit agencies representing privatised authority which influences decision making
  3. Marxist theories of state for class domination over proletariat e.g. British Empire
• Nation

  1. Social construct, populist e.g. Captain America representation
  2. Anderson 'imagined communities' e.g street renaming (wanjuru & Matsubara
  3. feminist geographers belief in the body of a representation of the nation through dress
  4. political geographers believe the nation is constantly being created, maintained and contested. Not every nation is a state, needs to be recognised by other states e.g. Palestine
  5. scale can be national or the body