Henry VII

• What was the objective of the Treaty of Redon (1489)?

  To support Brittany against French expansion.
• Why did Henry VII seek to prevent Brittany's absorption into France?

  To avoid increasing French power dangerously close to England.
• How many English troops did Henry promise to send to defend Brittany under the Treaty of Redon?

  6,000 English troops.
• What was the strategic implication of Henry VII's intervention in Brittany?

  It aimed to maintain a balance of power in Western Europe.
• How did the Treaty of Redon align England with other European powers?

  It aligned England with Spain and the Holy Roman Empire against French expansion.
• What was the main objective of the Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489)?

  To forge a strong alliance with Spain.
• What marriage alliance was established by the Treaty of Medina del Campo?

  Between Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon.
• What were the terms agreed upon in the Treaty of Medina del Campo regarding rebels?

  Both nations agreed not to harbor rebels or pretenders against each other.
• How did the Treaty of Medina del Campo benefit trade between England and Spain?

  It established favorable trade terms for both nations.
• What specific goods were promoted for trade under the Treaty of Medina del Campo?

  Wool, wine, and other goods.
• What was the strategic implication of the Treaty of Medina del Campo for Henry VII?

  It enhanced his diplomatic standing and legitimacy as a monarch.
• What was the objective of the Treaty of Etaples (1492)?

  To secure peace and financial compensation from France.
• What year did Henry's actions take place that are discussed in the study material?

  1485 - 1487
• What financial compensation did France agree to pay Henry VII under the Treaty of Etaples?

  A pension of 50,000 crowns (£5,000 annually).
• Why did Henry date the beginning of his reign from the day before the Battle of Bosworth?

  To declare Richard and his supporters as traitors
• What was a strategic implication of the Treaty of Etaples for England and France?

  It provided a period of diplomatic stability between the two nations.
• What was the significance of Henry's coronation date of 30th October?

  It ensured that parliament could not claim to have made him king
• What was necessary for Henry to marry Elizabeth of York?

  A papal dispensation
• How did the pension from France benefit Henry VII's government?

  It contributed to the stability of his finances.
• What was the objective of the Truce of Ayton (1497)?

  To secure peace with Scotland.
• When did Henry marry Elizabeth of York?

  18th January 1486
• What was the significance of the marriage between Margaret Tudor and James IV of Scotland?

  It ensured longer-lasting peace and paved the way for the Union of the Crowns.
• How did the Truce of Ayton contribute to regional stability?

  It reduced the frequency of border skirmishes and raids.
• What was Henry's most immediate problem after the Battle of Bosworth?

  Ensuring he kept the crown
• How did peaceful relations between England and Scotland facilitate trade?

  It reduced risks associated with cross-border commerce.
• What was the objective of the Treaty of Windsor (1506)?

  To establish a strong alliance with the Habsburgs.
• Who had the strongest claim to the throne among the Yorkists?

  Edward, Earl of Warwick
• What was included in the Treaty of Windsor regarding trade?

  It included the Intercursus Malus, a favorable trade agreement for England.
• What was a strategic implication of the marriage alliance between Arthur and Catherine?

  It strengthened the dynastic security of both kingdoms.
• How did the Treaty of Windsor facilitate cultural exchanges?

  It encouraged the movement of scholars, artists, and diplomats between England and Spain.
• What was the objective of Poynings' Law (1494)?

  To control Irish governance.
• How did Henry dispose of Edward, Earl of Warwick?

  By placing him in the Tower
• What did Poynings' Law require regarding Irish parliamentary legislation?

  It required approval by the English king’s council before enactment.
• What was the objective of the Navigation Acts (1485 and 1489)?

  To promote English shipping and protect English merchants.
• How did Henry treat Richard's supporters after the Battle of Bosworth?

  He gave them a second chance if they proved their loyalty
• What did the Navigation Acts require for goods imported into England?

  They had to be carried in English ships or ships from the goods' country of origin.
• What trade benefits were established by the Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489)?

  More favorable trade terms between England and Spain.
• Who was kept in prison until 1489?

  Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey
• What was the objective of the Intercursus Magnus (1496)?

  To restore and enhance trade with the Netherlands.
• Why was Henry Percy released from prison after four months?

  He begged the king to prove his loyalty