Lymphoma

• What type of cells are characteristic of Hodgkin lymphoma?


  Reed-Sternberg cells
• In which age group does Hodgkin lymphoma peak in incidence?


  In the third decade of life
• What are the risk factors associated with Hodgkin lymphoma?


  • Epstein–Barr virus
  • HIV
  • Immunosuppression
  • Cigarette smoking
• What is a common clinical presentation of Hodgkin lymphoma in young adults?


  Cervical or supraclavicular non-tender lymphadenopathy
• What symptom can indicate alcohol-induced painful lymphadenopathy in Hodgkin lymphoma?


  Alcohol consumption leading to pain in lymph nodes
• What are B symptoms in Hodgkin lymphoma?


  Fever, night sweats, and weight loss
• What is the diagnostic method for Hodgkin lymphoma?


  Lymph node biopsy
• What is the typical management approach for Hodgkin lymphoma?


  Chemoradiotherapy
• How do survival rates for Hodgkin lymphoma vary?


  Survival rates range from under 40% to over 95%
• What characterizes Hodgkin lymphoma?


  Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
• What are the histological types of Hodgkin lymphoma?


  1. Lymphocyte predominant
  2. Nodular sclerosing
  3. Mixed picture
  4. Lymphocyte depleted
• What does the Ann Arbor staging system classify?


  • Stage I: Involvement of a single nodal group
  • Stage II: Involvement of two or more nodal groups on the same side of the diaphragm
  • Stage III: Involvement of nodal groups on both sides of the diaphragm
  • Stage IV: Disseminated disease with involvement of extralymphatic organs
• What does the 'A' and 'B' classification in the Ann Arbor staging system indicate?


  'A' indicates asymptomatic, 'B' indicates presence of B symptoms
• What is the Lugano classification system used for?


  • Retains principles of Ann Arbor staging
  • Introduces modifications for response assessment
  • More clinically relevant for modern treatment approaches
• What is the role of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans in the Lugano classification?

  For response assessment in non-Hodgkin lymphomas
• What does an elevated LDH level indicate in Hodgkin lymphoma?


  It predicts a poor prognosis
• What is the most commonly used chemotherapy regimen for Hodgkin lymphoma?


  ABVD
• What is the prognosis for lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma?


  It has the best prognosis
• What is the typical presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?


  Painless, symmetrical lymphadenopathy
• How does non-Hodgkin's lymphoma differ from Hodgkin lymphoma in terms of symptoms?


  Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more likely to be associated with B symptoms
• What are the common types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?


  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
  • Follicular lymphoma (FL)
• What is the cure rate for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)?


  60-70%
• What is the median age for presentation of follicular lymphoma (FL)?


  60-65 years
• What is the first-line therapy for advanced follicular lymphoma disease?


  Rituximab with chemotherapy
• What are the common signs and symptoms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?


  • Painless lymphadenopathy
  • B symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss)
  • Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly
  • Extranodal disease (gut and skin)
• What is the significance of elevated LDH in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?


  It is a poor prognostic marker
• What is the gold standard therapy for high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?


  1. CHOP chemotherapy
• What are the potential complications of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?


  • Infections
  • Neurological complications
  • Bleeding and coagulopathy
  • Secondary malignancies
• What is the typical 5-year survival rate for low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?


  Around 30%
• What is the typical 5-year survival rate for high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?


  Around 50%