Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution

• What does the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution illustrate?

  It shows the distribution of kinetic energy among gas particles.
• What does the area under the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve represent?

  The area under the curve represents the total number of molecules.
• How does temperature affect the rate of reaction according to the video?

  Higher temperatures increase the average kinetic energy of particles, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions.
• What happens to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve when temperature is decreased?

  The curve shifts to the left, indicating fewer particles have energy greater than the activation energy.
• Why do reactions occur faster at higher temperatures?

  Particles move more and collide more often due to increased kinetic energy.
• What effect does increasing pressure have on the rate of reaction?

  Increasing pressure increases the frequency of collisions between particles.
• How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?

  Higher concentration means more particles in the same volume, leading to more frequent collisions.
• What is the role of a catalyst in a reaction?

  A catalyst increases the rate of reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy.
• How does a catalyst affect the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve?

  A catalyst shifts the activation energy line to the left, increasing the area of particles with sufficient energy to react.
• What is the significance of the area under the activation energy curve when a catalyst is present?

  The area under the activation energy curve increases, indicating more particles have sufficient energy to react.
• What is one method to measure the rate of reaction involving a precipitate?


  Timing how long it takes for a precipitate to form in a reaction.
• What is a limitation of using the disappearing cross method to measure reaction rate?


  It can be difficult to determine exactly when the cross has disappeared, leading to errors.
• How can mass loss be used to measure the rate of a reaction?

  By measuring the decrease in mass as gas is produced during the reaction.
• What equipment can be used to measure the volume of gas produced in a reaction?

  A gas syringe can be used to measure the volume of gas produced.
• What should be done when measuring gas produced over a specific period of time?

  The experiment should be repeated using different conditions, such as changing temperature or using a catalyst.
• What are the key factors that affect the rate of reaction?

  • Temperature
  • Concentration
  • Pressure
  • Presence of catalysts
• How does a catalyst affect the energy profile of a reaction?

  • Lowers the activation energy
  • Provides an alternative pathway for the reaction
  • Remains chemically unchanged after the reaction
• What are the methods to measure the rate of reaction?

  • Timing the formation of a precipitate
  • Measuring mass loss for gas production
  • Measuring the volume of gas produced using a gas syringe
• What is the fundamental requirement for a chemical reaction to occur according to collision theory?

  Particles must collide with energy greater than or equal to the activation energy.
• What role does particle orientation play in chemical reactions?

  Correct particle orientation is necessary for a successful collision to lead to a reaction.
• What are the reaction conditions that can impact the rate of a chemical reaction?

  • Temperature
  • Concentration
  • Pressure
  • Presence of catalysts
• What is the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution?

  It is a pattern that describes the distribution of energies among molecules in a substance.
• What happens to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution when reaction conditions are changed?

  The shape of the curve alters, affecting the number of particles with energy greater than the activation energy.
• What does the total area under the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve represent?

  It represents the total number of molecules in the sample.
• How does heating a substance affect its molecules?

  It transfers thermal energy, converting it to kinetic energy, causing molecules to move faster and further.
• What is the effect of increased molecular movement on reaction rates?

  Increased movement leads to more frequent and energetic collisions, resulting in a higher reaction rate.
• What happens to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution at increased temperatures?

  It shifts to the right, increasing the proportion of molecules with energy greater than or equal to the activation energy.
• What occurs when the concentration of a sample is increased?

  More molecules are present in the same volume, leading to more likely collisions.
• How does increasing pressure affect molecular collisions?

  It packs molecules closer together, increasing the likelihood of collisions.
• What is the effect of catalysts on reaction rates?

  A catalyst increases the rate of reaction without being consumed by providing an alternative reaction path with lower activation energy.
• How does the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve change with the presence of a catalyst?

  The shape remains unchanged, but the position of the activation energy shifts to the left.
• Why is it important that the total area under the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve remains constant?

  It ensures that the total number of molecules in the sample does not change.
• What happens to the maxwell-boltzman distribution curve when temperature increases

  1. Curve shifts to the right
  2. Peak is lower
  3. Area under curve is the same
  4. Area under curve beyond activation energy increases
• What happens to Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution curve when temperature decreases

  1. Curve shifts to the left
  2. Peak is higher
  3. Area under curve is the same
  4. Area under curve beyond activation energy decreases