Long Term Memory

• Who proposed the idea of a more in depth Long Term Memory?

  Tulving (1985)
• Three types of LTM?

  Episodic, semantic, procedural
• What is episodic and procedural memory?

  Declarative memory
• What is procedural memory?

  • skills and actions
  • AKA muscle memory
  • becomes automatic
• What is semantic memory?

  • general knowledge
  • shared by everyone
  • constantly adding to it
• What is episodic memory?

  • life events
  • remember when, where, who, feel (time stamped)
• LTM AO3?

  Case studies + can't generalise

  Brain scans

  Help

  Two (not three) stores
• LTM AO3 CASE STUDIES

  • HM - epilepsy so surgery
  • difficulties recalling episodic LTM
  • procedural + semantic was fine
  • must be more than one LTM store
  • CAN'T GENERALISE
  • can be unique experience
  • doesn't apply to general population
  • no information on previous functionality
• LTM AO3 BRAIN SCANS

  • Tulving et al
  • memory tasks under PET scans
  • declarative LTM in prefrontal cortex (sem left epi right)
  • physical reality (objective)
• LTM AO3 HELP

  • psychologists target types of memory when helping people
  • real life application
  • Belleville et al demonstrated how episodic memory can be improved
  • more than one store in LTM due to specific treatments
• LTM AO3 TWO STORES?

  • Cohen and Squire
  • semantic and episodic are declarative (1 store)
  • both consciously recalled
  • contradicts Tulving (3 stores)