SCIENCE

• Faults - fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock
• Seismic - relating to earthquakes or other vibrations of the earth and its crust
• Earthquake - happens when two block of the earth suddenly slip past one anothe
• Tsunami - giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea
• Three Basic Fault Types

  1. Normal Fault
  2. Reverse Fault
  3. Strike-slip Fault
• Theory of Plate Tectonics - Earth's crust and its rigid upper mantle are broken into enormous slabs called plates
• Plate Boundary - place where two plates meet
• Three Types of Plate Boundaries

  1. Divergent Boundary
  2. Convergent Boundary
  3. Transform Boundary
• Divergent Boundary - exists when two tectonic plates move away from each other, result is a valley-like rift
• Convergent Boundary - 2 tectonic plates move towards each other ,, earthquakes and volcanoes
• Subduction - one of the two plates is descending beneath the other in convergent boundaries
• Transform Boundaries - two plates slide past each other horizontally
• Plate boundaries are made up of many systems of fractures called faults
• Normal Fault - hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall as a result of extension. MOST COMMON FAULTS
• Reverse Fault - also called a THRUST FAULT ,, hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall as a result of compression
• Strike-slip Fault - two blocks of crust slide past each other on the same plane
• Seismology - study of earthquake waves
• Seismometers or Seismograph - an instrument that record seismic waves
• Seismogram - record of the seismometers
• Measurements that describe the size of an earthquake

  1. Intensity
  2. Magnitude
• Intensity - measure of the degree of earthquake shaking
• Magnitude - estimates the amount of energy released at the source of the earthquake
• PAG ASA - Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical Astronomical Services Administration
• Super Typhoon Yolanda hit the Philippines on November 8, 2013
• Tropical Cyclone - system of thunderstorms moving in a circular direction
• Counterclockwise - direction in which winds are being blown by
• Yellow - Community AWARENESS , Flooding is POSSIBLE
• Orange - Community PREPAREDNESS , Flooding is THREATENING
• Red - Community RESPONSE , SEVERE Flooding is EXPECTED
• Effects of a tropical cyclone

  1. Strong winds
  2. Tornadoes
  3. Rainfall and Flooding
  4. Storm Surge
• PAR - Philippine Area of Responsibility
• Landforms affect wind directions, and disrupt the spin of a typhoon
• Main factions in the formation of a typhoon - Warm Bodies of Water
• Comets

  • have an outer layer of ice surrounding their core material
  • outer layer of comets turn to gas as it nears the sun, creating the coma and tail
  • comets have highly elliptical orbits, allowing them extended periods away from the sun
• Asteroids

  • mostly irregularly-shaped chunks of rock
  • most asteroids come from the asteroid belt located between Mars and Jupiter
• Meteoroids

  • we often call these "shooting stars"
  • most meteors burn up and land on earth, which are called meteorites