Humans & animals learn in similar ways

• what is according to behaviourists?


  laws of learning are same for humans & non-human animals
• what do behaviourists believe we can generalise?

  study of animals in lab environments & generalise to human behaviour
• what has been applied to understanding how humans learn phobias?

  Pavlov's research on conditioning dogs to salivate to the sound of the bell
• what did Skinner's research on rats demonstrate?

  effects of positive & negative reinforcement
• what has Skinner's research been applied to?

  teaching children behaviour in educational settings
• what is the example for humas & animals learn in the same way?

  development of therapies, such as aversion
• what has been applied to create effective treatments for undesirable behaviours such as addiction?

  Pavlov's research (classical conditioning)

  Skinner's research (operant conditioning)
• what is client presented with during aversion therapy?

  unpleasant stimulus (e.g. electric shock)
• when are clients presented with unpleasant stimulus?

  when partaking in undesirable behaviour (e.g. smoking)
• what does the client learn?

  to associate unpleasant stimulus with smoking
• what does the association result in?

  avoidance of undesirable behaviour (smoking)
• why does the association result in avoidance?

  new stimulus response association is formed
• how is the new stimulus response association formed in aversion therapy?

  classical conditioning
• what happens after new stimulus response association is formed?

  client avoids undesirable behaviour to avoid unpleasant consequences of relapsing (negative reinforcement)
• what ensures abstinence?

  application of principles of operant conditioning