Eukaryotic cells

    Cards (22)

    • What do eukaryotic cells possess that distinguishes them from prokaryotic cells?

      A distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
    • What are the main membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells?
      • Nucleus
      • Mitochondrion
      • Chloroplasts
      • Endoplasmic reticulum
      • Golgi apparatus
      • Lysosomes
      • Ribosomes
      • Cell wall
      • Vacuoles
    • What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

      It contains the organism’s genetic material and controls the cell’s activities
    • What is the typical size range of a nucleus?

      Between 10 and 20 µm in diameter
    • What is the shape and size of a mitochondrion?

      Usually rod-shaped and 110 µm in length
    • What is the primary function of mitochondria?

      Responsible for the production of ATP during aerobic respiration
    • What is the role of chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

      They carry out photosynthesis
    • What is the typical shape and size of chloroplasts?

      Typically disc-shaped, 2 – 10 µm long and 1 µm in diameter
    • What is the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

      • System of sheet-like membranes in the cytoplasm
      • Encloses a network of tubules and flattened sacs called cisternae
      • Types:
      • Rough ER: Has ribosomes, synthesizes proteins
      • Smooth ER: No ribosomes, synthesizes, stores, and transports lipids and carbohydrates
    • What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

      It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery
    • How are lysosomes formed?

      They are formed when vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus contain enzymes
    • What are the functions of lysosomes?

      They hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytic cells, release enzymes outside the cell, digest worn-out organelles, and break down dead cells
    • What are ribosomes composed of?

      Two subunits containing rRNA and protein
    • What are the two types of ribosomes and where are they found?

      80S in eukaryotic cells and 70S in prokaryotic cells, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
    • What is the structure and function of the cell wall in plant cells?

      • Made up of microfibrils of cellulose embedded in a matrix
      • Functions:
      • Provides mechanical strength to prevent bursting
      • Contributes to the overall mechanical strength of the plant
      • Allows water movement through the plant
    • What is the composition of the cell wall in fungi?

      Made up of chitin, a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide
    • What are the functions of vacuoles in plant cells?

      1. Support plants by making cells turgid
      2. Temporary food store for sugars and amino acids
      3. Pigments may color petals to attract pollinators
    • What are the differences between plant and animal cells in terms of organelles?

      • Plant cells have:
      • Cell wall
      • Chloroplasts
      • Large central vacuole
      • Animal cells have:
      • Centrioles
      • Lysosomes
    • What is cell specialization and its significance?

      • Cells are specialized to perform specific functions
      • Examples:
      • Sperm cells: numerous mitochondria for energy
      • White blood cells: lysosomes for digestion of foreign material
      • Liver cells: extensive rough ER for rapid protein synthesis
    • What type of cell swims considerable distances carrying male chromosomes?
      A sperm cell
    • What type of cell engulfs and digests foreign material?

      One type of white blood cell
    • What do liver cells manufacture at a rapid rate?

      Proteins and lipids
    See similar decks