Charles 1 and Parliament 1625-29

• England in 1625 was a confessional state meaning only one religion was officially practiced.
• Charles I supported the idea of an English monarchy as a divine right to rule.
• What were the main factors that lead to tension between Charles 1 and Parliament?


  1. Foreign policy.
  2. Religion.
  3. Money.
  4. Charles 1's choice of advisors.
• Charles preferred to trust his closest advisors rather than parliament.
• Who did Charles 1 get married to?


  Henrietta Maria a French and Catholic princess.
• Who organised Charles 1 marriage?

  Duke of Buckingham.
• FINANCIAL ISSUES

  How does TONNAGE AND POUNDAGE contribute to the tensions between Charles and Parliament?(1625)

  ●Charles wanted to be granted tonnage and poundage for life.

  ●Parliament suggested he be granted it for a year so that he has to call them regularly.
• Why did Charles 1 dissolve parliament in 1626?


  Charles dissolved parliament to prevent the impeachment of Buckingham.
• What did Charles do about finance after he dissolved parliament in 1626?

  He imposed forced loans which made all tax payers pay extra tax to the king.
• What case arose due to the forced loans?


  The five knights case.
• What happened during the five knights case?


  This was when five knights refused to pay forced loans to the king and were detained in 1628.
• Parliament voted for Charles to receive 5 subsidies and the petition of rights in return for his decision on the five knights case be reversed.
• Parliament passed the Petition of Right which stated that the King could not impose taxes without consent from parliament, arrest people without cause, imprison them without trial or force them to lodge soldiers on their property.
• Parliament in the 15th century were puritan and against any form of Catholicism.
• Charles had no intention of accepting the terms of the petition of right as they would limit his power so he made his own changes to it.
• Charles 1 was in support of Arminianism as it encouraged obedience which he believed in and he also like its celebrations.
• Why was parliament suspicious of Buckingham?


  They were suspicious of him because they thought he was Catholic even though he was Arminian.
• Why was Parliament suspicious of Charles 1's religion?

  This was because he surrounded with Arminian advisors and promoted Arminian clergy which looked very much like Catholicism to parliament.
• Why did parliament dislike Buckingham?


  This was because of his failed expeditions e.g. his attack on Cadiz and his attempt to support protestant rebellion in La Rochelle.
• Who did Charles 1 promote in 1628?

  He promoted William Laud (Arminian) to being the Bishop of London.
• Henrietta Maria was allowed to?


  1. Raise Catholic children.
  2. Have a Catholic Church.
  3. Be a practicing Catholic.
• Charles 1 and Buckingham's failed expeditions gave them a bad image to parliament.
• Parliament refused to work with Charles while Buckingham was in power showing that parliament was in great opposition to Charles choice of advisors.
• Parliament did not like that Charles was in close relations to George Con who was a papal ambassador.
• What ways did Charles generate money in 1625?


  1. Forced loans.
  2. Loans form London which generated 60,000 pounds.
• In 1629, Charles ordered Parliament to adjourn.
• What happened on the day of parliament's adjournment?

  A group of MPs led by Denzil Holles demanded the passing of the three resolutions which stated against the growth of Arminianism and the levying of tonnage and poundage.