multi store model of memory

• What is the term used for the process of keeping information in short-term memory through repetition?

  Maintenance rehearsal
• What are the three types of memory stores in the multi-store model?


  Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
• Who first described the multi-store model of memory?

  Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968)
• Why is the multi-store model referred to as the 'modal model'?


  It was the most commonly used model of memory for a long time
• What is the function of the sensory register in the multi-store model?


  It holds information from the senses for a very brief duration
• How long does information typically remain in the sensory register?


  Milliseconds
• What happens to information in the sensory register if it receives no attention?


  It remains for a very brief duration and is lost
• What is the first step in the process of remembering something?

  Attention
• What is the purpose of short-term memory (STM)?


  To hold information for immediate tasks
• What is the state of information in short-term memory?


  Fragile
• What can cause information to disappear from short-term memory?


  New information entering and displacing the original information
• How does maintenance rehearsal affect memory?


  It helps to create long-term memory
• What is the potential duration and capacity of long-term memory (LTM)?


  Unlimited
• What does evidence suggest about forgotten memories in long-term memory?


  They may not have been made permanent or are inaccessible
• What is the process of retrieving information from long-term memory?

  It involves passing the information back through short-term memory
• What type of studies support the existence of separate short-term and long-term memory stores?


  Controlled lab studies on capacity, duration, and coding
• Which part of the brain is active during short-term memory tasks?

  Prefrontal cortex
• Which part of the brain is associated with long-term memory?

  Hippocampus
• What does the case study of HM illustrate about memory stores?


  It supports the notion of separate stores for STM and LTM
• What is a criticism of the multi-store model regarding STM and LTM?


  It suggests they are single 'unitary' stores
• What does the working memory model propose about short-term memory?


  It is divided into qualitatively different stores
• How does maintenance rehearsal relate to different types of long-term memory?


  It can maintain long-term storage in semantic memory but not episodic memory
• What did Craik and Lockhart suggest about the creation of enduring memories?


  They are created by the depth of processing rather than just maintenance rehearsal
• What was the outcome of Craik and Tulving's (1975) study on processing?


  Participants remembered more words with deep processing than shallow processing
• What does Baddeley's (1999) research suggest about the relationship between STM and LTM?


  STM relies on LTM and cannot come first
• What did Ruchkin et al. (2003) find regarding brain activity during word processing?


  More brain activity occurred when processing real words compared to pseudo-words
• What are the key components of the multi-store model of memory?


  • Sensory memory: holds sensory information briefly
  • Short-term memory (STM): holds information for immediate tasks
  • Long-term memory (LTM): potentially unlimited duration and capacity
  • Maintenance rehearsal: keeps information in STM and can create LTM
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the multi-store model?


  Strengths:

  • Supported by controlled lab studies
  • Evidence from brain scanning techniques

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Oversimplifies memory processes
  • Does not account for different types of STM and LTM