working memory model

• How do you use working memory to calculate the sum of 21 and 12?


  You add 21 and 12 and hold that answer in working memory before adding the final number.
• What is the role of working memory when reading a sentence?


  It stores individual words while determining the sentence's meaning.
• What are the key components of the working memory model?


  • Central executive
  • Episodic buffer
  • Phonological loop
  • Visuo-spatial sketchpad
• Who created WMM? 


  Baddeley and Hitch (1974)
• What is the function of the central executive in working memory?


  It monitors and coordinates all other mental functions in working memory.
• What does the episodic buffer do in the working memory model?


  It receives input from many sources, temporarily stores it, and integrates it to construct a mental episode.
• How does the phonological loop function in working memory?


  It codes speech sounds and typically involves maintenance rehearsal.
• What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad used for?


  It codes visual information in terms of separate objects and their arrangement in the visual field.
• What does the working memory model explain?


  It explains the memory used when working on a task, with each store being qualitatively different.
• What is the capacity of the central executive?


  The central executive has a very limited capacity and cannot attend to too many things at once.
• What are the two components of the phonological loop as identified by Baddeley?


  The phonological store and the articulatory process.
• What does the visual cache store in the visuo-spatial sketchpad?


  It stores information about visual items, such as form and color.
• What is the function of the inner scribe in the visuo-spatial sketchpad?


  It stores the arrangement of objects in the visual field.
• Why was the episodic buffer added to the working memory model?


  To provide a general store for information that relates to both visual and acoustic information.
• What does the episodic buffer maintain a sense of?


  Time sequencing, recording events that are happening.
• What is the word-length effect in working memory?


  People cope better with short words than long words in working memory.
• How does articulatory suppression affect the word-length effect?


  It ties up the articulatory process, making it difficult to rehearse shorter words more quickly than longer ones.
• What criticism do some psychologists have regarding the central executive?


  They feel it is too vague and does not really explain anything.
• What did Eslinger and Damasio's study of EVR suggest about the central executive?


  It suggested that the central executive is more complex than originally proposed by Baddeley and Hitch.
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using case studies in research on working memory?


  Strengths:

  • Provide detailed insights into specific cases.
  • Can highlight unique aspects of memory function.

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Results cannot be generalized to the population.
  • Brain injury may change behavior and performance.
  • Individuals may have other difficulties affecting task performance.
• What evidence supports the existence of separate visual and spatial systems in working memory?


  Patients like LH performed better on spatial tasks than visual imagery tasks, supporting the WMM's suggestion of separate systems.
• What does the study of KF suggest about the phonological loop?


  It suggests that his brain damage was restricted to the phonological loop, affecting his ability to remember auditory information.
• What is the significance of the word-length effect in relation to the phonological loop?


  It demonstrates that the phonological loop holds information that can be pronounced in about 2 seconds.
• How does the central executive allocate resources in working memory?


  It directs attention to particular tasks and determines how the brain's resources are allocated.
• What happens to the word-length effect when articulatory suppression is used?


  The word-length effect disappears because the articulatory process is tied up, preventing rehearsal.
• What is the relationship between the central executive and attention?


  The central executive is often considered to be the same as attention, as it allocates resources to tasks.
• What does the evidence from brain-damaged patients suggest about the working memory model?


  It supports the idea of separate components within working memory, such as the phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad.
• What is the main criticism of the central executive according to some psychologists?


  They argue that it is too vague and does not adequately explain its functions.
• What did Baddeley and Hitch propose about the complexity of the central executive?


  They suggested that the central executive is probably more complex than originally proposed.