Gender

• whats chivilary thesis?


  police and magistrates are men therfore the criminal justice system is more lenient on women
• what did pollak 1950 say?


  men hate to accuse women and thus send them to their punishment
• What did roger hood do ?


  Studied over 3000 defendants and found that women were about one third less likely to be jailed than men for offmeces such as shoplifting
• What did roger hoods study support?


  chivilary thesis
• What evidence is against the chivary statement?

  .box 1981
• What did Stephen box do ?


  reviewed British and American self report studies and concluded that women who commit serious offences are not treated more favourably than men
• whats functionalist sex role theory?


  difference in crime and deviance is due to gender roles in the conventional nuclear family
• who came up with functionalist sex role theory? what year


  parsons 1955
• what do boys engage in as the male role model is a breadwinner?


  compensatory compulsary masculinity
• what behaviour is part of compensatory compulsary masculinity?


  agression and antisocial which can slip into delinquency
• according to cohen why do boys turn to street crime?


  a source of masculin identities
• according to cohen why is socilaisation more difficult for boys? what do boys reject?


  men are less involved in the socialisation role of the nuclear family and they reject female role models
• what three places are women controlled according to carlen?


  public work home
• according to heidensohn why do women commit less crime? patriarchal control


  patriarchy imposes control over women so their behaviour is conformist
• what prevent women from being in the position to commit white collar crime?

  glass ceiling
• at work womens behaviour is controlled by who?


  senior male managers
• whats bedroom culture?


  girls socialise at home and are less free to come and go as they please
• how are women controlled within the home?


  domestic roles such as housework and childcare imposes restrictions on their time and movement so they have less oppotunity to offend
• who said that many violent attacks result from mens dissatsisfation on womens performance of domestic roles?

  Dobash and Dobash 1979
• what controlls women in public places?

  fear of male violence against them
• according to the crime survey what perecnt of women avoided going out after dark due to fear of being attacked?


  54%
• according to heidensohn what adds to womens fear of rape?


  sensationalised stories in the media of typical psycho stranger rapist
• what things may the public deem as not respectable for women? adds to control


  dress makeup acting innapropriatley can gain a reputation
• who did pat carlen carry her study out on?


  thirty nine women aged 15 to 46 who had been convicted of a range of crimes
• carlen uses a version of travis hirshis what?


  control theory
• whats control theory?


  people are controlled by the offer of a deal of rewrads in return for adhering to social norms. people turn to crime if reward is not forthcoming
• what are the two types of deaals identified by carlen taht lead working class women to conform?


  gender and class deal
• whats class deal?

  women who work earn material rewards and a wage
• whats gender deal?

  women will be emotionally rewarded by family life and confroming to gender role
• how does class deal lead to crime?


  failed to find legitimate way of earning and became victims of injustice
• how many of carlens women had been in poverty?


  32
• how does gender deal lead to crime?


  some has been sexaully abused by partners and fathers and by running away they were often left homeless and unemployed
• what did carlen conclude ere the main ciases of criminality in women?


  poverty and being brought up in the care on an opressive family
• whats a critique of carlens study?


  small sample size and unrepresenative because mainly working class
• who came up with liberation thesis? year

  adler 1975
• whats liberation thesis?


  when women become liberated from patriarchy their crimes will become as frequent and serious as mens
• what have women adopted according to adler?


  traditional male roles in legitimate activity such as work and illegitimate ativities such as crime