Sociological Perspectives

• What is the definition of values in sociology?


  Values are beliefs about what is important in society and personal beliefs.
• How do values influence behavior?


  Values influence behavior by shaping internal thought processes.
• What social characteristics can influence values?

  Social class, ethnicity, family background, and gender can influence values.
• How do values change over time?


  Values can change as society evolves and social change occurs.
• What happens when values are widely accepted by the majority?


  They become dominant values in society.
• What are norms in sociology?

  Norms are patterns of expected behavior in a given social context.
• How are norms influenced?


  Norms can be influenced by social characteristics such as social class, gender, ethnicity, or age.
• What do functionalists argue about norms and values?


  Functionalists argue that norms and values reflect a value consensus in society.
• What do critical theories like Marxism and feminism suggest about norms?


  They suggest that norms are created by dominant groups in society.
• What constitutes culture in sociology?


  Culture includes language, beliefs, values, norms, customs, dress, diet, roles, knowledge, and skills.
• How does culture relate to identity?

  Culture is a part of people's identity.
• What is society in sociological terms?


  Society is a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and political authority.
• What is socialization?


  Socialization is the lifelong process by which people learn the culture of their society.
• What are the main agencies of socialization?


  The main agencies of socialization are family, education, religion, and media.
• What role does socialization play in identity?


  Socialization plays a crucial part in shaping our identity.
• What is primary socialization?


  Primary socialization is the early period in a person's life when they learn and develop through experiences.
• What is secondary socialization?


  Secondary socialization is how people learn from schools, friends, and media to fit into society.
• What is value consensus?


  Value consensus is when everyone shares the same viewpoint and agrees on certain behaviors.
• What are traditions in sociology?


  Traditions are practices passed down through generations and observed by most of society.
• What are customs?


  Customs are regular patterned behaviors considered characteristic of life in a social system.
• How do customs relate to traditions?


  Customs are norms that have lasted a long time and become part of society's traditions.
• What is gender socialization?


  Gender socialization is the process through which children learn social expectations associated with boys and girls.
• What is status in sociology?


  Status is a position someone holds in society.
• What is ascribed status?

  Ascribed status is a social position a person is born into or assigned involuntarily.
• What is achieved status?

  Achieved status is a social position a person earns or chooses through their actions and accomplishments.
• What does canalisation refer to?


  Canalisation refers to directing children's interests and behaviors based on gender or societal expectations.
• What is ethnicity in the context of socialization?


  Ethnicity refers to the shared culture of a social group that gives its members a common identity.
• What is identity in sociology?


  Identity is how individuals see and define themselves and how others see and define them.
• How is social identity influenced?

  Social identity is influenced by class, ethnicity, gender, age, sexuality, status, and roles.
• What are subcultural norms?


  Subcultural norms are rules and values specific to a particular group within a larger society.
• What are laws in sociology?


  Laws are official legal rules enforced by police, courts, and prisons.
• What are roles in sociology?


  Roles are patterns of behavior expected from individuals in society.
• What is the difference between gender and sex?


  Gender refers to culturally created differences, while sex refers to biological differences.
• What are the biological differences between men and women referred to as?


  Biological differences between men and women are referred to as sex.
• How do gender differences manifest in society?


  Gender differences manifest through learned behaviors and social expectations.
• How do social characteristics influence identity?

  Social characteristics like class, ethnicity, and gender shape how individuals see themselves and are seen by others.
• What role does socialization play in shaping gender roles?


  Socialization teaches children the social expectations and behaviors associated with their gender.
• How do subcultural norms differ from mainstream culture?


  Subcultural norms guide behavior and attitudes that differ from those of the mainstream culture.
• What is the significance of laws in society?

  Laws provide a framework for acceptable behavior and consequences for violations.
• What is the relationship between roles and social expectations?


  Roles are patterns of behavior expected from individuals based on social expectations.