Food and nutrition science bio

• What is the process called that uses digested food to provide energy?

  Respiration
• What is required for the process of respiration besides digested food?

  Oxygen
• What waste product is released during respiration?


  Carbon dioxide
• How is carbon dioxide removed from the body?


  It is put back into the lungs and removed from the body by the lungs.
• What is an example of a food substance used for energy?

  Carbohydrate
• What is the role of protein in the body?


  It is used to make new substances for growth and repair.
• What are the seven substances that must be included in a healthy diet?

  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Proteins
  3. Fats
  4. Vitamins
  5. Minerals
  6. Fibre
  7. Water
• What are the main sources of carbohydrates?


  Potatoes, rice, pasta, and bread
• What are the two types of carbohydrates mentioned?

  Sugar and starch
• What are the main sources of proteins?


  Meat, fish, beans, milk, egg white, and cheese
• What is the function of starch in the diet?


  It provides slow release energy.
• What is the function of sugar in the diet?


  It provides fast release energy.
• What are the main sources of fats?


  Butter, chips, cheese, chocolate, and milk
• How much energy do fats contain compared to carbohydrates?


  Fats contain twice as much energy as carbohydrates.
• Where are fats stored in the body?


  Under the skin
• What is the role of fibre in the diet?


  It prevents constipation.
• What is the main source of fibre?


  Cereals and wholegrain bread
• What is the process of respiration?


  It releases energy from food inside our cells.
• What is the word equation for respiration?


  Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + Energy
• What factors influence daily energy requirements?


  Age, sex, and activities performed
• What are the daily energy requirements for different individuals?


  • Teenage girl: 9,600 kJ
  • Teenage boy: 12,600 kJ
  • Woman: 11,550 kJ
  • Pregnant woman: 12,000 kJ
  • Man doing light work: 11,550 kJ
  • Man doing heavy work: 17,000 kJ
• Why do teenagers need more energy?


  Because they are still growing.
• What is the test for starch?


  Add iodine solution to a food sample.
• What indicates the presence of starch in a food sample?


  A color change from orange-brown to blue-black.
• What is the test for sugar (glucose)?

  Add Benedict’s solution and heat the test tube. The colour changes from blue to brick red precipitate.
• What color change indicates the presence of reducing sugars?


  A change from blue to green, yellow, or brick red.
• What is the test for protein?


  Biuret and changes colour from clear blue to purple violet and that indicates protein is present.
• How do you test for lipids (fats)?


  Add a few drops of the sample to a piece of filter paper.
• What indicates the presence of lipids in a food sample?


  A translucent mark on the filter paper.
• What is the test for Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)?


  Add DCPIP solution to the sample.
• What indicates the presence of Vitamin C in a sample?


  The amount of DCPIP used until the blue color is gone.
• What is the BMI threshold for obesity?


  BMI over 25%
• What are some factors that influence obesity?


  An unbalanced diet and lack of exercise.
• What are some lifestyle factors that can reduce the risk of heart disease and strokes?


  Increase exercise, reduce stress, and stop smoking.
• What dietary factors can help reduce the risk of heart disease and strokes?


  Choose low salt, low saturated fat, and low cholesterol foods.
• How do circulatory diseases affect society?


  They affect families and are expensive to treat.
• What are some costs associated with treating heart disease and strokes?


  Long hospital stays and expensive medicines.
• Digestion begins with chewing, which breaks down large pieces of food into smaller ones.
• The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.