Grant et al study

• What is context-dependent memory?


  It is when individuals perform better on a memory test in the same environment where they studied.
• How does context-dependent memory affect exam performance?


  Students perform better on exams if they study in the same environment where they take the exam.
• What was the aim of the study conducted by Grant et al.?


  To investigate whether context-dependent memory could be found in a school setting.
• What was the sample size of the study conducted by Grant et al.?


  There were 39 participants in total.
• How were participants recruited for the study?


  Participants were recruited via a snowball sample.
• What was the gender distribution of the participants in the study?

  There were 17 females and 23 males.
• What was the mean age of participants in the study?


  The mean age was 23.4 years old.
• What type of experiment was conducted in the study?


  It was a laboratory experiment with an independent measures design.
• What were the two main variables in the study?


  The study compared silent reading conditions and noisy reading conditions.
• What were the three dependent variables measured in the study?


  Reading time, performance on a multiple choice test, and performance on a short answer test.
• What was the topic of the article participants read during the study?

  The topic was about psychoimmunology.
• How did participants in the noisy condition perceive the background noise?


  They were told to ignore moderately loud background noise over the headphones.
• Why was reading time used as a covariate in the analysis?


  Because there was considerable individual variability in reading time among participants.
• What was the significance of the results regarding matching and mismatching conditions?


  There was a significant effect of studying and testing within matching conditions compared to mismatching conditions.
• What did the results suggest about context-dependent memory?


  Context-dependent memory exists for newly learned information.
• What implication does context-dependent memory have for students?


  Students are likely to perform better on exams if they study with minimum background noise.
• How does the study's methodology affect its ecological validity?


  The study had low ecological validity due to its controlled laboratory setting.
• What type of data was collected in the study?

  Quantitative data in the form of test scores and reading time.
• What sampling method was used to obtain participants?

  Snowball sampling.
• What is a limitation of the snowball sampling method used in the study?


  It may not be representative of the general population.
• What ethical standards were upheld in the study?

  Participants provided informed consent and were debriefed after the study.
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the study conducted by Grant et al.?

  Strengths:

  • High internal validity due to controlled variables
  • Easy to replicate due to standardized procedures

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Low ecological validity due to laboratory setting
  • Sample may not represent the general population
• How did the study ensure high internal validity?


  By controlling many variables and having equal numbers of participants in each condition.
• What was the duration of the entire procedure of the study?


  The entire procedure lasted around 30 minutes.