Cells

• What are all living things made up of?

  Cells
• Cells are categorised into two types

  Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• What are eukaryotes made up of


  Eukaryotic cells
• What are prokaryotes made up of

  Prokaryotic cells
• Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

  Eukaryotes are:

  -larger

  -more complex

  Prokaryotes are:

  -smaller

  -simpler
• Why are prokaryotes smaller and eukaryotes bigger


  Prokaryotes are a single-celled organisms whereas eukaryotes are just organisms
• What is the most common example of an eukaryotic cell

  Animal and plant cells
• What is a sub cellular structure


  Different parts of a cell
• What is the role of a nucleus

  Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
• What is the role of the mitochondria

  Where most of the aerobic respiration takes place, this respiration transfers energy to the cell in order for the cell to work
• What is the role of the cytoplasm

  A gel-like substance that contains enzymes that controls most chemical reactions
• What is the role of the cell membrane

  It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of the cell
• What is the role of the ribosomes

  Where protein synthesis occurs
• What other sub cellular structures does a plant cell include which an animal cell doesn’t 


  -cell wall

  -chloroplasts

  -permanent vacuole
• What is the role of a cell wall

  It supports and strengthens the cell and is made of cellulose
• What is the role of the chloroplasts

  Contains a green pigment (chlorophyll) which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis, the photosynthesis occurs to make food for the plant
• What is the role of the large permanent vacuole 


  It stores cell sap, which then maintains internal pressure in the cell and provides support for the cell

  Also it takes up metabolic waste products, process and excrete them
• A common example of a prokaryotic cell

  Bacterial cells
• What replaces a bacterial cells ‘true’ nucleus 


  A single circular strand of DNA which floats freely in the cytoplasm
• What is a plasmid


  A small ring of DNA
• What do bacterial cells include

  -cell membrane

  -cell wall

  -circular strand of DNA

  -plasmid

  -cytoplasm
• How can you estimate the area of a sub cellular structure in a plant cell


  Area = length x width
• What do plant cells include

  -nucleus

  -mitochondria

  -cytoplasm

  -cell membrane

  -ribosomes

  -cell wall

  -chloroplasts

  -large permanent vacuole
• What do animal cells include

  -nucleus

  -mitochondria

  -cytoplasm

  -cell membrane

  -ribosomes
• What can cells be written in to work out the size of it

  Standard form
• What do all cells contain

  Genetic material (information)
• What two structures does a bacterial cell not have

  Chloroplasts and mitochondria
• What do animal, plant and bacterial cells all have in common

  Cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material (DNA)
• What is a multicellular organisms


  Made up of many individual cells