Classical conditioning

• Define classical conditioning

  a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
• What is the process ( pavlovs expt)


  When the dog was shown food it began salivating

  When the dog was shown a bell the dog had no response

  
  

  When the dog as shown food and the bell it salivated

  Did this multiple times

  
  

  Soon when the dog was shown just the bell it began to salivate
• Using psychological terms describe classical conditioning

  Unconditioned stimulus = unconditioned response , s-r unit

  Neutral = no response

  
  

  Neutral + unconditioned stimulus = unconditioned response x6

  
  

  Conditioned stimulus = conditioned response
• How does the case of little Albert show classical conditioning

  As at first Albert was just scared of loud noises but then they paired rats with loud noises so over time he associated rats with loud noises so began crying when he saw just rats by themselves
• What is operant conditioning?

  All behanviour is learnt through environment
• What is reinforcement

  A consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated. Can be positive or negative.
• What is positive reinforcement?

  A reward is given for a certain behaviour is performed
• What is negative reinforcement?

  Occur when a individual increases behaviour in order to avoid the negative consequences
• punishment


  An unpleasant consequence that reduces the likelihood of preceded behaviour occurring again
• Method of skinner's study

  Skinner developed a special cage

  When rat pulls lever food pellet falls into cage

  Rats kept pulling lever for more food
• What type of reinforcement in skinner study

  Positive reinforcement