Right realism

• What do they focus on in criminal behaviour?


  the control and prevention of criminal behaviour
• What do right realists look at - social or individual?


  They look at the explanation of crime centered aorund the individual
• What did James Q Wilson (thinking about crime, 1975) move away from?


  moved away from liberal ideas of rehabilitation and toward tougher punishments aimed at punishing evil or wicked people to deter them from offending again
• What do they say class is?

  A social construct not a biological determination
• What are some causes of crime according to RR?


  May include environmental factors and socialisation, poverty and inequality
• What is meant by the underclass?


  People who due to a lack of employment, skills, income, wealth or property appear to stand outside ordinary society
• What did Charles Murray suggest about ‘excessive’ state welfare payments?


  It created a dependency culture of people who don’t want to work - underclass
• What did Murray see as a saftey net?


  Social welfare
• how Did murray see the underclass?


  As a behaviour and lifestyle choice
• What are some underclass characteristics?


  long term unemployment, high rates of teen pregnancy, female headed line parents, out of wed lock births, school drop outs, violent criminal behaviour
• What is meant by broken britian?

  Breakdown in nuclear family has caused a breakdown in norms and values leading to more crime
• routine Activity theory


  G

  
• What is RR solution to crime?


  Crime prevention is to put the would be offender off making it too risky or hard
• Who created the broken windows theory?

  Wilson and kelling (1982)
• What did Wilson and Kelling closely monitor?


  They closely monitored neighbourhood that had a ‘zero tolerance’ for petty crimes. This created a climate of order, safety and lawfulness
• What is an example of this study?

  In 1994, New York police commissioner William Bratton used this theory to initiate an aggressive enforcement campaign to reduce the escalating crime rate in the city
• What was the policy introduced by Bratton?


  The quality of life initative
• What is a strength of the broken windows theory?

  It has been used in practice and successfully reduced crime rate
• What is an example of the crime rates decreasing?

  Reductions is felony crimes by 40% and homicide rates decreased by 50%
• What is a criticism of RR?


  Overemphasises control of disorderly neighbourhoods ignoring neighbourhood decline
• What are the causes of crime ?

  Biological differences, the underclass and rational choice