Left realism

• What are the critical of?

  The inequalities of capitalism viewing it as the cause of crime, like Marxism.
• Are LR socialists or conservatives?


  Socialists
• What do they believe about gradual reforms?

  That they are the way to achieve equality as they are reformists
• What do LR say we need to recognise about the main victims?


  They are disadvantaged groups like ethnic minoritie, women and the working class
• What are the 3 causes of crime according to Lea and Young?


  Relative deprivation, subcultures, and marginalisation
• criminogenic triangle 


  G

  
• What is meant by relative deprivation?


  How deprived someone feels in relation to someone else, Some people may feel that Its unfair for others to have more than they do, so they commit crime to gain what they feel entitled too
• What is meant by cultural inclusion?


  Even the poor have access to the media’s materialistic messages
• Wallah is meant by economic exclusion?


  The poor cannot afford these ‘glittering prizes’
• what increased relative deprivation?


  The gap between cultural inclusion and economic exclusion
• What do LR think subcultures are the solution of?


  To relative deprivation, not all subcultures lead to crime, some turn to religion for a comforting explanation
• What do criminal subcultures want to achieve?


  Material success in society, but legitimate means are blocked so they commit crime
• What is meant by marginalisation?


  Unemployed youths are marginalised in our society, so there is no group to represent them and they don’t have any goals, these youths feel powerless, resentful, and frustrated. So they express this though violent crime
• What is a strength of LR?


  They acknowledge that poverty and inequality may cause crime
• What are some solutions to crime according to LR?

  • Improving policing and control and gain confidence of the local communities. Deal with the deeper structural causes of crime by reducing inequality by creating jobs and improving housing
• How does the rise of social media effect relative deprivation?


  It helps develop a criminal perspective
• Why do they believe that reducing inequality is a solution to crime?


  They want major structural changes to occur increasing equality of opportunity and equality of outcomes providing decent jobs and housing for all
• Why do Lea and Young suggest that democratic policing is a solution to crime?


  The police need to win back the publics support by being more accountable to local communities and them deciding what the policy priorities are, so they don't have to swamp areas with military
• What do LR ignore?


  They ignore the crimes of the rich and powerful
• What do LR overpredict?


  The amount of working class crimes, not all WC people who are poor and marginalised will turn to crime
• What makes crime to be shown as a bigger problem?

  Focusing on high crime areas in inner cities