Skeletal system

• what is the function of a flat bone ?

  protects internal organs

  site for muscular attachment
• What is the function of a long bone ?

  lever for movement

  site for blood production
• What is the function of an irregular bone ?

  protects the spinal cord
• what is the function of a short bone ?

  can weight-bare well
• what is the function of a sesamoid bone ?

  ease joint movement and resist compression
• what is the function of the ligaments ?

  connects bone to bone

  stabilizes the joint
• what is the structure of the ligaments ?

  A tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue
• what is the function of synovial fluid ?

  Reduces friction

  nourishes articular cartilage
• what is the structure of synovial fluid ?

  a lubricating liquid
• what is the function of the joint capsule ?


  Encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid
• what is the structure of the joint capsule ?

  A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane
• what is the function of the bursa ?

  Reduces friction between tendons and bones
• what is the structure of the bursa ?

  A closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones
• what is a hinge joint ?

  cylindrical bone articulates a trough bone and is held tight together by ligaments

  one movement plane
• what is a pivot joint ?

  round bone that articulates with a ring shape bones

  one movement plane
• what is a ball and socket joint?

  ball shaped head that articulates with a cup shaped head

  three movement planes
• What is a condyloid joint?

  similar to ball and socket but with a flatter bone

  two movement planes
• what is a sagital plane ?

  lies vertically

  divides body left to right
• what is a frontal plane ?

  lies vertically

  divides body into anterior and posterior parts
• what is a transverse plane?

  lies horizontally

  divides body into superior and inferior
• what is flexion ?

  decreasing the angle of a joint
• example of flexion

  upward phase in a bicep curl as the radius gets closer to the humerus
• what is extension ?

  Increasing the angle of a joint
• example of extension

  downward phase of a bicep curl as the radius gets further away from the humerus
• What is dorsi flexion?

  decreases the joint angle bringing the toes closer to the tibia
• example of dorsi flexion

  preparing a upshot in basket ball
• What is plantar flexion?

  Increasing the angle of the ankle joint
• example of plantar flexion

  taking of in high jump
• what is abduction ?

  moves articulating bone away from the midline - vertically
• example of abduction

  upward phase of lateral raises
• what is adduction ?

  moves articulating bone towards the midline - vertically
• example of adduction

  downward phase of lateral raises
• what is horizontal extension ?

  articulating bone moves away from the midline - horizontal
• example of horizontal extension

  backward swing in discus
• what is horizontal flexion?

  articulating bone moves towards the midline - horizontal
• example of horizontal flexion

  forward swing in discus
• what is rotation ?

  articulating bone moves on a longitudinal axis in a screw diver motion