History

• What characterized the Philippines during the pre-colonial period?


  Cultural diversity and rich indigenous societies
• How long has human habitation in the Philippines been believed to date back?


  At least 67,000 years
• What significant migration occurred around 4,000 BCE in the Philippines?


  Austronesian migration
• What was the social structure of the Philippines during the pre-colonial period?


  Various ethnolinguistic groups with distinct languages, customs, and social structures
• What type of trade networks flourished in the Philippines during the pre-colonial period?


  Maritime trade networks
• Which regions were linked to the Philippines through maritime trade networks?


  China, India, and Southeast Asia
• What were the main economic activities in the Philippines during the pre-colonial period?


  • Agriculture, particularly rice cultivation
  • Advanced metallurgy and handicrafts
  • Highly developed seafaring skills
• What were the dominant indigenous belief systems in the Philippines during the pre-colonial period?


  • Animism
  • Ancestor worship
  • Deep connection with nature and community
• What period did the colonial era in the Philippines span?

  1565 to 1946
• Who began Spanish rule in the Philippines and when?

  Miguel López de Legazpi in 1565
• What was established as a Spanish outpost in the Philippines?

  Manila
• How was Christianity introduced to the Philippines?


  Primarily through missionary work
• What was the impact of the encomienda and repartimiento systems on indigenous populations?


  They led to forced labor and exploitation, causing social and economic inequalities
• What was the Galleon Trade and its significance?


  • Connected the Philippines to Mexico and the Americas
  • Fostered a flourishing trade network
  • Led to cultural exchanges and periodic uprisings due to exploitation
• What notable event occurred in 1896 in the Philippines?


  The Philippine Revolution led by Andres Bonifacio
• What event sparked nationalist sentiments in the Philippines in 1872?


  The execution of three Filipino priests known as Gomburza
• When did Spanish colonization in the Philippines end?

  With the Spanish-American War in 1898
• What was the outcome of the Spanish-American War for the Philippines?


  The cession of the Philippines to the United States
• What years did the American Colonization period in the Philippines cover?

  1898 - 1946
• What were the positive contributions of American Colonization in the Philippines?


  • Public Education System
  • Infrastructure Development
  • Healthcare Advancements
  • Agricultural Development
• What was introduced as the medium of instruction in the public education system during American Colonization?

  English
• What was the impact of introducing English as the medium of instruction?


  It led to high English proficiency among the population
• What significant educational institution was established during American Colonization?

  The University of the Philippines
• What was one outcome of establishing the University of the Philippines?


  It contributed to a literate population
• What types of infrastructure were developed during American Colonization?


  Roads, bridges, and modern sanitation practices
• How did healthcare advancements manifest during American Colonization?


  Through the construction of hospitals and health centers
• What improvements were made in public health during American Colonization?


  Improved public health and disease control, including malaria and cholera
• What agricultural advancements were introduced during American Colonization?


  Modern agricultural techniques and cash crops
• What political reforms were introduced during American Colonization?

  • The Philippine Bill of 1902
  • Provided limited self-government
  • Paved the way for future independence
• Independence was officially granted to the Philippines on July 4, 1946, after nearly four centuries of colonial rule.