Post Civil War History

• Trench Warfare

  A style of fighting used in WWI, in which troops lived in thousands of miles of trenchline
• Vietnam War


  1955-1975, United States intervened on the part of the non-communist regime, however, under enormous pressure from home, the United States finally pulled out of the war, allowing the North Vietnamese to easily overcome the stunted South Vietnamese army
• Tenement Housing


  A type of low-rise building of narrow apartments built to house immigrants in New York City and then in other large cities. This style of housing was mostly used by immigrants and often did not have access to basic amenities or enough space for the large families who occupied the units. Tenement housing was an important issue during the Progressive Era when wealthier, mostly female activists advocated for better living conditions for immigrants and others as a result of a boom in urbanization and wealth inequality.
• Montgomery Bus Boycott

  1955-1957, Montgomery NAACP staged a two year protest of public buses to fight against segregation until the Supreme Court ruled segregation of city busses unconstitutional
• American Federation of Labor

  Founded by several unions of skilled workers in 1886 who came together to negotiate wages, hours, and working conditions.
• Sarah Grimke

  Argued for equal educational opportunities and equal pay for women.
• Lucy Stone

  Gifted speaker; a spokesperson for the women's rights movement and the Anti-Slavery society.
• Matilda Joslyn Gage


  Co-founder, along with Anthony and Stanton, of the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.
• World War II (WWII)


  Fought from 1939-1945 between the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and Allied powers (France, Great Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union).
• Declaration of Rights and Sentiments

  Created at the Seneca Falls Convention, detailed social injustices toward women and resolutions to fight for, including the right to vote.
• Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act


  Tariffs passed in 1930 on over 20,000 imported goods with the intention of protecting American jobs, but resulted in decreased international trade
• Lowell Female Labor Reform Association


  Main goals were to establish a ten-hour workday and influence the state legislature of Massachusetts to investigate working conditions in factories.
• Treaty of Versailles


  Treaty signed on June 28, 1919, between the Allies and Germany, to end WWI
• Temperance


  A movement that began in the 1840's, dedicated to promoting moderation and even abstinence in the consumption of alcohol.
• Baby Boomers


  The generation born following WWII (1940s). This population bubble has had a significant impact on American culture, economy, and politics as the baby boomers have aged. Their concerns became the primary concerns of the nation.
• NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
• 18th Amendment

  Ratified in 1917 and established the prohibition of alcohol. (Remember with: you can't drink at 18) Was repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933
• D-Day

  the invasion of the Allied Forces on June 6, 1944, on Normandy’s beach, marking the invasion of Europe.
• Nationalism

  a strong, often excessive, sense of loyalty and devotion to one's own nation, often accompanied by a belief in its superiority over others.
• Industrial Revolution

  period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production; began in Great Britain in the mid-1700's
• Axis Powers of WWII

  Nazi Germany, Japan, Italy
• Cold War

  The period after WWII in which the United States and the Soviet Union never truly engaged in warfare, but was marked by political disagreements between the capitalist and communist countries
• United Nations


  A global organization established in 1945 following World War II. Dedicated to international peace and stability.
• National Labor Union

  Created in 1866, its goal was to improve working conditions through legislative reform instead of through negotiations between workers and employers.
• Lucretia Mott

  Women's rights advocate; created the Seneca Falls Convention and the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments with Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
• Abolitionists

  People who believed slavery was wrong and immoral
• Labor Unions


  organized associations of workers formed to collectively negotiate with employers for better wages, benefits, and working conditions, as well as to advocate for the rights and interests of their members
• Susan B. Anthony


  Advocated for women's rights, specifically suffrage and property rights.
• Albert Einstein (Historical Significance)


  a famed scientist who left Germany during World War II and settled in the United States, he warned world leaders of the dangers of nuclear weapons
• 16th Amendment


  Allows the government to collect taxes on income
• The Scopes Monkey Trial

  A landmark trial in 1925 that sought to overturn the Butler Act. While it did not, it is seen as an important trial that paved the way for teaching evolution in public schools
• Wagner Act


  Guaranteed the basic rights of workers to organize into unions, engage in collective bargaining, and strike if necessary; also known as the National Labor Relations Act of 1935.
• Pullman Strike

  A nationwide railroad strike organized in 1894 by workers of the Pullman company to protest their treatment.
• Concentration Camps


  Designated restrictive areas used in Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler to imprison those determined by the Nazis to be “racially undesirable,” in order to create a racially pure society
• European Union (EU)


  An economic union of over 25 European states. Includes a shared currency, the Euro.
• Truman Doctrine


  pledge by President Truman to support any nation against communism
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton


  Women's rights advocate; created the Seneca Falls Convention and the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments with Lucretia Mott.
• Uncle Tom's Cabin


  A book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 that portrayed the horrors of slavery.
• Rosa Parks


  Famous activist for African American rights who refused to give up her seat while riding a bus, which instigated the Montgomery Bus Boycott
• Fair Labor Standards Act


  (1938) placed legal limits on hazardous and harmful labor conditions in workplaces