Economic world

• What is development in the context of a country?


  Development is when a country is improving.
• What is Gross National Income (GNI)?


  GNI is the total value of goods and services produced.
• How are countries often classified based on development?


  Countries are classified based on how wealthy they are.
• What are Higher Income Countries (HICs)?


  HICs are the wealthiest countries where the GNI per head is high.
• Name three examples of Higher Income Countries (HICs).

  1. K., U.S.A., Canada.
• What are Lower Income Countries (LICs)?


  LICs are the poorest countries where the GNI per head is very low.
• Name three examples of Lower Income Countries (LICs).


  Afghanistan, Somalia, Uganda.
• What are Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)?


  NEEs are countries that are rapidly growing as their economy shifts from primary to secondary industry.
• Name two groups of countries classified as Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs).

  BRICS and MINT countries.
• What are the effects of changes in the UK economy on rural areas?


  They raise prices and jobs, but some places are doing better than others.
• What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?


  HDI combines measures of income, life expectancy, and education level.
• What is the range of HDI values?


  HDI values range from 0 (least developed) to 1 (most developed).
• What social effects can result from population shifts in rural areas?


  They can lead to changes in community dynamics and resource allocation.
• Why is HDI considered a better measure than individual measures?


  HDI provides a more comprehensive view of economic development and quality of life.
• What is the population trend in South Lakeland, Cumbria?


  There is a population decline.
• How does Nigeria's classification differ between GNI and HDI?


  Nigeria is classified as an NEE by wealth but has a low HDI.
• How is the UK government trying to resolve regional differences?


  By implementing various schemes to promote economic development more evenly.
• What strategies is the UK government using to reduce the north-south divide?


  1. Devolving more powers to regions.
  2. Creating enterprise zones.
  3. Ensuring sufficient broadband availability.
  4. Implementing the Northern Powerhouse initiative.
• What are the stages of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?


  1. Stage 1: High birth and death rates, very underdeveloped.
  2. Stage 2: High birth rate, falling death rate, many LDCs.
  3. Stage 3: Falling birth rate, low death rate, more HICs.
  4. Stage 4: Low birth and death rates, most developed.
  5. Stage 5: Low birth rate, fluctuating death rate, very developed.
• What happens in Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model?


  Both birth and death rates are high, leading to a stable population.
• What powers have been devolved to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland?


  They have been given more power to control local schemes that benefit their communities.
• What characterizes Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model?


  High birth rates and falling death rates lead to rapid population growth.
• What are enterprise zones in the UK?


  Areas where companies receive benefits for locating, such as reduced business rates and simplified planning.
• What changes occur in Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model?


  The birth rate falls rapidly as contraception use increases and more women work.
• How many enterprise zones have been created across the UK?


  Around 50 enterprise zones.
• What are the characteristics of Stages 4 and 5 in the Demographic Transition Model?


  Both stages have low birth and death rates, with high life expectancy.
• What financial benefits do companies receive in enterprise zones?


  Reduced business rates, simplified planning, and potential tax claims for investments.
• What is the relationship between development and the Demographic Transition Model?


  Development is linked to changes in birth and death rates over time.
• How do enterprise zones aim to reduce unemployment?


  By encouraging companies to locate in areas of high unemployment, bringing jobs and increasing incomes.
• What physical factors can affect a country's level of development?

  Poor climate, poor farming land, few raw materials, and natural disasters can hinder development.
• What significant project was approved in the Sheffield City Region Enterprise Zone in 2011?


  The creation of the McLaren Composites Technology Centre.
• How does a poor climate affect development?


  A poor climate can lead to malnutrition and a low quality of life.
• What is the estimated economic impact of the McLaren Composites Technology Centre?


  It could bring £100 million to the local economy.
• What impact does poor farming land have on a country's development?

  Poor farming land makes crop growth difficult, affecting food production.
• What major infrastructure project is being built to connect Sheffield City Region with Doncaster?


  A major new road.
• How do few raw materials affect a country's economy?


  Countries with few raw materials make less money and struggle to develop.
• How many new jobs has Sheffield helped create in the area?

  16,000 new jobs.
• What is the effect of natural disasters on development?


  Natural disasters require significant spending on recovery, hindering development.
• What is the Northern Powerhouse initiative?


  A government plan to reduce inequality between the north and south by attracting investment and improving transport links.
• How do poor trade links affect a country's development?


  Poor trade links limit income and reduce funds available for development.