chem

• Where are transition metals located in the periodic table?


  In the middle
• Why are transition metals not classified in a particular group?


  They do not lose the same amount of electrons every time
• What oxidation states can copper exhibit?


  Copper can turn into copper +1 or copper +2
• What are variable oxidation states?


  They refer to the ability of an element to lose different numbers of electrons
• What are the characteristics of Group 0 elements?


  • Noble gases are inert (do not react)
  • Have a full outer shell
  • Get heavier as you go up the group
  • Not diatomic
  • Higher boiling point as they go down
• Why do noble gases not react?


  Because they have a full outer shell and do not need to gain electrons
• What happens to the boiling point of noble gases as you go down the group? increases as they are larger
• What are the colors and states of Group 7 elements in order?


  1. Yellow gas
  2. Pale green gas (Chlor = green)
  3. Brown liquid
  4. Black solid
• How do the melting and boiling points of Group 7 elements change?


  They increase as you go down the group due to stronger WIMF
• What are WIMF?


  Weak intermolecular forces
• Why is not much energy needed to break WIMF?


  Because they are weak forces
• How does reactivity change in Group 7 elements?


  Reactivity increases going up the group
• What is the displacement reaction between sodium bromide and chlorine?


  2NaBr + Cl2 = 2NaCl + Br2
• What does a more reactive element do in a displacement reaction?


  It takes the place of the less reactive element
• What are the characteristics of Group 1 reactions with water?


  • Always produce white compounds
  • Indicator turns purple (not water)
  • Fizzing occurs due to gas production
  • Metals float and move around on the surface
  • Metals gradually become smaller until they disappear
• How does reactivity change in Group 1 elements?


  Reactivity increases as you go down the group
• Why is the reaction with water more violent for lower Group 1 elements?


  Because the outside electron is further from the nucleus and less strongly attracted
• What is the effect of shielding on the reactivity of Group 1 elements?


  More shielding makes it easier to lose the outer electron