animals,plants,fungi,protoctists,bacteria&viruses

• What are the five kingdoms of life excluding viruses?


  Animals, plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria
• Why are viruses considered the odd one out among living organisms?


  Because they are not classified as living organisms
• What type of cells are animals, plants, fungi, and protists made up of?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic cells?


  They have DNA in the form of chromosomes located in a nucleus
• How do bacteria differ from eukaryotic organisms?


  Bacteria are prokaryotic and do not have a nucleus
• How much smaller are bacteria compared to eukaryotic cells?


  Bacteria are between 10 and 100 times smaller than eukaryotic cells
• What is the estimated number of animal species on Earth?


  Between 5 and 10 million species
• What do all animals have in common?

  They are multicellular, heterotrophs, and most reproduce sexually
• What does the term multicellular mean?


  Organisms made up of many cells
• How do animals obtain their energy?

  By consuming other organisms
• How many species of plants are estimated to exist?


  Around 300,000 species
• How do plants obtain their energy?

  Through photosynthesis using sunlight
• What is a key difference between fungi and plants?

  Fungi cannot photosynthesize and are heterotrophs
• What is saprotrophic nutrition?


  A process where fungi secrete enzymes to digest food outside their body
• What is mycelium in fungi?


  A body made up of thread-like structures called hyphae
• What is a pathogen?


  An organism that can cause disease
• What are protists?


  A kingdom of mostly unicellular organisms with diverse characteristics
• What is the relationship between some protists and humans?


  Some protists can be pathogens and cause disease
• What is a key characteristic of bacteria?


  They are single-celled organisms that can live in various environments
• What is the role of bacteria in the human intestines?


  They help in digesting food
• How do viruses differ from other organisms?


  Viruses are not considered living organisms and cannot reproduce independently
• What is the basic structure of a virus?

  A protein coat surrounding genetic material (DNA or RNA)
• Why are viruses classified as parasites?


  Because they depend on other organisms to reproduce
• What are some examples of viruses?


  Influenza virus, tobacco mosaic virus, HIV, and COVID-19
• What are the key features of the five kingdoms of life?

  • Animals: multicellular, heterotrophs, reproduce sexually
  • Plants: multicellular, autotrophs, use photosynthesis
  • Fungi: multicellular and unicellular, heterotrophs, use saprotrophic nutrition
  • Protists: mostly unicellular, diverse characteristics
  • Bacteria: single-celled, live in various environments, some beneficial
• What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?


  • Eukaryotic: have a nucleus, DNA in chromosomes, larger size
  • Prokaryotic: no nucleus, loose DNA, smaller size
• What is the significance of understanding the differences between these groups of organisms?


  • Helps in classifying living organisms
  • Aids in understanding ecological roles
  • Important for medical and environmental studies