cells

• What are cells considered in biological terms?


  Cells are the basic building blocks of life.
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?


  A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently.
• How do bacterial cells reproduce compared to animal and plant cells?


  Bacterial cells reproduce by dividing into two, creating a whole new organism.
• How many types of cells are mentioned in the study material?


  There are three types of cells mentioned: animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells.
• What does it mean for animals and plants to be multicellular?


  It means they contain many cells, as opposed to being a single cell organism.
• Approximately how many cells does an adult human contain?


  An adult human contains over 40 trillion cells.
• What are the main subcellular structures found in both animal and plant cells?


  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• What is the function of the cell membrane?


  The cell membrane controls which substances can pass in and out of the cell.
• What does the nucleus contain?


  The nucleus contains the genetic material or DNA of the cell.
• What is cytoplasm and its role in the cell?

  Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance where chemical reactions take place and subcellular structures are suspended.
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?


  Mitochondria provide energy to the cell by breaking down sugars in aerobic respiration.
• What is the process called that occurs in mitochondria?


  The process is called aerobic respiration.
• What do ribosomes do in the cell?


  Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
• What are the additional structures found in plant cells that are not in animal cells?

  • Rigid cell wall made of cellulose
  • Permanent vacuole containing cell sap
  • Chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?


  The cell wall provides support and structure to the cell.
• What is contained in the permanent vacuole of plant cells?


  The permanent vacuole contains cell sap, which is a mixture of sugars, salts, and water.
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?


  Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs, using sunlight to make sugars.
• What green substance do chloroplasts contain?


  Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll.
• What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?


  Prokaryotic cells, like bacterial cells, do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.
• What is the genetic material in bacterial cells called?


  The genetic material in bacterial cells is called a circular strand of DNA or nucleoid.
• What are plasmids in bacterial cells?


  Plasmids are small rings of DNA that carry extra genes, such as antibiotic resistance.
• What is the function of flagella in some bacteria?


  Flagella are thread-like structures that allow bacteria to move by rotating.
• What are the key differences between bacterial cells and eukaryotic cells?


  • Bacterial cells are unicellular; eukaryotic cells can be multicellular.
  • Bacterial cells lack mitochondria and chloroplasts.
  • Bacterial cells have a nucleoid instead of a nucleus.