The Heart

• What is the role of the circulatory system?


  To transport oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues
• What are the three main components of the circulatory system?


  Blood, blood vessels, and the heart
• What does blood carry in the circulatory system?


  Oxygen and nutrients
• How does the heart function in the circulatory system?


  It pumps blood to keep it moving through the vessels
• What is the structure of the circulatory system?


  • Composed of blood, blood vessels, and the heart
  • Functions as a double circulatory system
  • Contains two distinct loops: one for deoxygenated blood and one for oxygenated blood
• What happens to deoxygenated blood in the circulatory system?


  It is carried from the heart to the lungs to gain oxygen
• What occurs to oxygenated blood in the circulatory system?


  It is carried to the rest of the body to deliver oxygen to tissues
• How many chambers does the heart have?

  Four chambers
• What are the names of the top and bottom chambers of the heart?

  The top chambers are called atria and the bottom chambers are called ventricles
• What prevents blood from flowing backwards in the heart?

  Valves
• Describe the path blood takes through the heart.

  1. Blood enters via the vena cava and pulmonary vein
  2. Flows into the right atrium and left atrium
  3. Atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles
  4. Ventricles contract, sending blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta
  5. Cycle repeats
• How often does the heart cycle repeat?


  About 70 times a minute
• What is the function of the pacemaker cells in the heart?


  They produce electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract
• What is an artificial pacemaker used for?


  To regulate the heart's rhythm when natural pacemaker cells fail
• What is the difference between arteries and veins?


  Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood to the heart
• Can arteries carry deoxygenated blood?


  Yes, for example, the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood
• Can veins carry oxygenated blood?


  Yes, for example, the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood
• What are coronary arteries?


  Small arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• What is the importance of coronary arteries?


  • Supply oxygen and nutrients to heart muscle
  • Ensure proper functioning of the heart
  • Prevent heart tissue damage
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