20th century

• How did women's participation in sports change between 1900 and 2000?


  Women's participation had fallen
• Who funded horse racing in 20th century Britain?


  Upper and middle classes funded the sport
• Why did the working class have less time for sport compared to the upper and middle classes?


  Because they had less free time
• Which classes played in cricket teams in 20th century Britain?


  Working class and upper class
• What role did sport play during WW1?


  It was important in maintaining troop morale
• What happened to the popularity of spectatorism after WW1?


  It increased
• Why couldn't unemployed and unskilled workers afford to spectate?


  Because they lacked the financial means
• What factors contributed to the decrease in women's recreational activity?

  Time and money constraints
• What was the impact of the Education Act 1944 on physical education?


  PE became part of the curriculum in all schools
• What approach did the Education Act 1944 take towards education?


  It took a holistic approach
• What were the components included in the holistic approach of the Education Act 1944?


  Spiritual, mental, and physical development
• What types of activities were included in the PE curriculum after the Education Act 1944?


  Competitive teams and extra-curricular clubs
• What characterized the 1900s in terms of sports conduct?


  Written codes of conduct, timetabled games, and enclosed boundaries
• What types of sports saw a decrease in popularity during the 1900s?


  Cruel sports, except for shooting and hunting
• How did spectators participate in sports during the 1900s?


  Spectators paid to watch, and competitors had numbered kits
• What safety measures were taken in boxing during the 1900s?


  Competitors wore gloves and could not bite or kick each other
• What was a common practice for sports events on Saturdays?

  Widespread travel for events
• What types of formal teams were established in the 1900s?


  Formal teams in rugby, cricket, and football
• What was built to accommodate a mass number of spectators?

  Stadiums
• What development contributed to the growth of spectatorism?

  The development of the sporting press
• How did gambling and drinking relate to spectatorism?


  They became part of the growing spectatorism
• How did the increase in free time affect men's participation in sports?


  Men played and watched more sports
• What new opportunities for sports emerged due to increased free time?

  Water polo in public baths and pigeon racing in allotments
• How did increased money affect people's ability to participate in sports?


  People could afford to play darts, dominoes, and billiards
• What types of games could people afford to play due to increased money?

  Darts, dominoes, and billiards
• What trend was observed regarding the number of people going to pubs?


  More people went to pubs
• How did the availability of transport impact sports attendance?


  It increased the number of spectators and participants able to travel for games/sport
• What types of transport became more available?

  Both public and private transport
• What was the effect of increased transport availability on sports?


  Sport became more accessible for the public
• What was the status of land availability for sports during this period?


  Land available was heavily used due to high premium on land
• How did media influence sports in the 1940s?


  Sport encouraged radio coverage
• Which sports attracted huge crowds in the 1940s?


  Football, rugby, cricket, and boxing
• What was the significance of the 1948 Olympics in London?


  It led to profit after vast numbers of crowds
• What economic effects did the 1948 Olympics have on tourism?


  It rejuvenated tourism and the economy
• What is the "shop window effect" mentioned in the study material?


  It refers to the economic benefit created by showcasing sports events