Transport in plants - Translocation(Phloem)and Transpiration

• What are the two main mass transport systems in plants?

  Translocation and transpiration
• What is translocation in plants?


  It is the transport of sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
• Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?


  In the leaves
• How are phloem cells arranged to facilitate sugar transport?


  They are arranged end to end to form long columns called phloem tubes.
• What are the small pores between adjacent phloem cells called?


  Pores or gaps
• What is cell sap?


  It is a liquid mixture of water and sugar.
• What can sugars transported by phloem be used for?


  They can be used directly for energy or stored for later use.
• In which directions can phloem transport substances?


  In either direction, up or down the plant.
• What are xylem tubes made of?


  They are made up of dead xylem cells with no ends between them.
• What is the role of xylem tubes in plants?


  To transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves.
• What drives the movement of water through a plant?

  The evaporation of water from the leaves.
• What is transpiration?


  It is the evaporation of water from the leaves.
• What is the transpiration stream?


  It is the chain of water molecules moving up the plant.
• What factors influence the rate of transpiration?


  Light intensity, temperature, air flow, and humidity.
• How does light intensity affect transpiration?


  Higher light intensity increases photosynthesis, leading to more open stomata and higher transpiration rates.
• How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?


  Warmer temperatures increase the rate of transpiration due to higher energy in water particles.
• How does airflow affect transpiration?


  High airflow increases transpiration by blowing away water molecules, maintaining a high concentration gradient.
• How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration?


  Higher humidity decreases transpiration by reducing the concentration gradient for water diffusion.
• What are the main components of the mass transport systems in plants?

  • Phloem: transports sugars (translocation)
  • Xylem: transports water and mineral ions
• What are the differences between phloem and xylem in terms of structure and function?


  Phloem:

  • Living cells
  • Transport sugars
  • Can move substances in both directions

  
  

  Xylem:

  • Dead cells
  • Transport water and minerals
  • Moves substances upwards only