Structure and Function of DNA

Created by

inaaya

Cards (19)

What is the main focus of today's video?
The structure of DNA, nucleotides, and complementary base pairing
What shape do the two strands of DNA form?
A double helix
What is a nucleotide made up of? 
A phosphate, a sugar, and a base
What are the four different types of bases in DNA?
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
How do nucleotides combine to form a polymer? 
The phosphate of one nucleotide bonds to the sugar of the next nucleotide
What is the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA? 
A long chain formed by sugars and phosphates of nucleotides
What role do the bases play in the structure of DNA? 
They hold the two strands of the double helix together
What is complementary base pairing? 
Only specific bases can pair with each other: A with T and C with G
If a DNA strand reads A G T G C T T A C, what is the complementary strand? 
T C A C G A A T G
What does the term genetic code refer to? 
The sequence of bases in DNA
What is a gene? 
A particular sequence of bases that codes for a specific protein
What is a triplet in the context of DNA? 
A group of three bases that codes for a specific amino acid
How does a cell read a DNA sequence to form a protein? 
It reads the sequence as a series of triplet codes
What happens to the amino acids after they are coded from the DNA sequence? 
They are combined in the same order as the triplets
What is the significance of the unique sequence of amino acids in a protein? 
It determines the protein's unique shape and function
What are the main uses of proteins in the body? 
Enzymes: act as biological catalysts
Hormones: carry messages around the body
Structural proteins: add strength to cells and tissues
What is the role of enzymes in the body? 
They act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions
What is the role of hormones in the body? 
They carry messages around the body
What is the role of structural proteins? 
They add strength to cells and tissues