ITPLESSON3

• sensation - the stimulation

  of sensory receptors and the

  transmission of sensory information

  to the central nervous system
• perception - the process by which

  sensations are organized into an

  inner representation of the world
• absolute threshold - the minimal amount of energy that can produce a sensation, weakest level of stimulus
• pitch - the highness or lowness

  of a sound, as determined by the

  frequency of the sound waves
• subliminal stimulation - sensory stimulation below a person’s absolute threshold for conscious perception
• difference threshold - the minimal difference in intensity required between two sources of energy so that they will be perceived as being different
• signal–detection theory - the view that the perception of sensory stimuli involves the interaction of physical, biological, and psychological factors; focuses on one thing, focuses on the surroundings
• sensory adaptation

  the processes by which organisms

  become more sensitive to stimuli

  that are low in magnitude and less

  sensitive to stimuli that are constant

  or ongoing in magnitude
• sensitization the type of sensory

  adaptation in which we become

  more sensitive to stimuli that are low

  in magnitude. Also called positive

  adaptation
• desensitization the type of

  sensory adaptation in which we

  become less sensitive to constant

  stimuli. Also called negative adaptation
• visible light that triggers visual sensations
• hue the color of light, as determined by its wavelength
• cornea transparent tissue forming

  the outer surface of the eyeball
• iris - a muscular membrane whose dilation regulates the amount of light that enters the eye
• lens - a transparent body behind the iris that focuses an image on the retina
• retina the area of the inner surface of the eye that contains rods and cones
• rods – black and white
• cones – colors
• value – brightness and darkness
• saturation – kung gaano ka concentrate
• warm – yellow, orange, red
• cool – green and blue (calming)
• Closure – tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure
• Proximity – nearness, tendency to group together objects
• Similarity – similar in appearance
• Continuity – points or lines as having unity
• Common fate – move together as belonging together
• Top Down – contextual information or knowledge of a pattern in order to organize parts of the pattern
• Bottom Up – go with the flow
• hertz (Hz) - a unit expressing the frequency of sound waves.
• decibels (dB) - a unit expressing the loudness of a sound
• outer ear - shaped to funnel sound waves to the eardrum
• middle ear - contains the eardrum and three small bones, which also transmit sound by vibrating.
• Inner ear – Melius, incus
• Conductive deafness - stems from damage to the structures of the middle ear—either to the eardrum or to the bones
• Sensorineural deafness - usually stems from damage to the structures of the inner ear, most often the loss of hair
• SMELL has an important role in human behavior. It contributes to the flavor of foods
• TASTE As in the case of smell, the sense of taste samples molecules of a substance.
• taste cells receptor cells that are sensitive to taste
• kinesthesis the sense that

  informs us about the positions and

  motion of parts of our bodies