communicable diseases - B5

• What are pathogens?

  Microorganisms that cause disease
• What types of pathogens can cause communicable diseases?

  Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists
• How do viruses reproduce?

  By injecting genetic code into a host cell
• What is measles?

  A virus that causes a rash
• How is HIV transmitted?

  Through sexual contact or sharing needles
• What do bacteria do to damage body cells?

  They release toxins
• What is malaria caused by?

  A protist that burrows into red blood cells
• What is the role of white blood cells in the immune system?

  To combat pathogens
• What do lymphocytes produce?

  Antitoxins and antibodies
• What happens when an antibody fits an antigen?

  It neutralizes the pathogen and clumps them together
• What is immunity?

  The ability to resist a specific pathogen
• What is a vaccine?

  A dead or inert version of a pathogen
• How does the flu vaccine work?

  It exposes the immune system to a damaged virus
• What is the purpose of antibiotics?

  To kill bacteria
• What was the first antibiotic discovered?

  Penicillin
• Why is it important for antibiotics to be specific?

  To avoid damaging good bacteria
• What happens when bacteria mutate?

  They can become resistant to antibiotics
• How are viruses transmitted ?

  Via contaminated sources
• What is a symptom of salmonella?

  Diarrhea
• What is the recommended treatment for salmonella

  Stay hydrated
• What is a symptom of Gonorrhea ?

  Pain during urination
• How is Gonorrhea transmitted ?

  Via protected sex
• What is a symptom of gonnerrah

  Thick yellow discharge
• What is the prevention of measles?

  mmr vaccine
• What fungus can be found in plants ?

  Rose black spot
• How is Rose black spot transmitted?

  Waterborne
• What is a symptom of Malaria mentioned in the study material?

  Fever
• What is the vector for Malaria transmission?

  Mosquitoes
• What is the treatment for Malaria according to the study material?

  Stop mosquitoes (control them)
• What is the role of white blood cells in the immune response?

  Engulf pathogens
• What do antibodies do according to the study material?

  Bind and counteract toxins
• What is a method to prevent contamination of agar plate ?

  Minimize time the lid is open
• What temperature should bacteria be incubated at according to the study material?

  25°C
• What is a symptom of nitrate deficiency in plants?

  Chlorosis
• What do aphids do to plants?

  They suck sap from plants
• What can be used to control aphids according to the study material?

  Ladybugs
• What is the role of nitrate in plants?

  Needed to convert glucose from photosynthesis
• What happens to plants with nitrate deficiency?

  They will have chlorosis
• What is the function of chlorophyll in plants?

  It is used for photosynthesis
• What is the effect of chlorosis on plants?

  It leads to yellow leaves