Psychodynamic approach

• In which century did the theories of Sigmund Freud originate?


  19th century
• Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?


  Sigmund Freud
• What principle do Freud's theories emphasize regarding the unconscious?


  The unconscious drives major influences on our lives
• What are the ways in which unconscious thoughts can reveal themselves?


  • Slips of the tongue (Freudian slips)
  • Creativity
  • Neurotic symptoms (mental, emotional, or physical reactions)
• How did Freud view the influence of the unconscious on our lives?


  He believed it extended its influence in every part of our lives
• What are the three components of consciousness according to Freud?


  • Id
  • Ego
  • Superego
• What does the id represent in Freud's model of consciousness?


  The id represents the pleasure principle and instincts
• When does the ego develop according to Freud?


  At 1 year old
• What is the role of the superego in Freud's theory?


  The superego represents the morality principle and consciousness
• What happens when a defense mechanism is triggered?


  It distorts reality to reduce anxiety
• What is repression in the context of defense mechanisms?


  Blocking unacceptable thoughts and impulses
• What does denial involve as a defense mechanism?


  Refusal to accept reality to avoid painful feelings
• What is displacement in terms of defense mechanisms?


  Redirecting thoughts/feelings to an innocent victim or object
• How does the ego function in personality development?


  • Manages the conflict between the id and superego
  • Its strength determines how well this conflict is managed
  • A healthy personality requires a good balance between the id and superego
• What is one of the key assumptions of Freud's theory?


  Childhood experiences dictate adult personality
• What is the driving force in psychosexual development according to Freud?


  The need to express sexual energy (libido)
• What happens at each stage of psychosexual development?


  • Libido is attached to a particular organ
  • Individuals experience tension from sexual energy buildup
  • Pleasure comes from its discharge
• What is the focal point of sensation during the oral stage?


  The mouth
• What major issue is associated with the anal stage of development?


  Toilet training and control of bodily waste
• At what age does the anal stage occur?


  1. 3 years
• What complex is associated with the phallic stage?


  The Oedipus complex
• What do boys experience during the phallic stage according to Freud?


  Castration anxiety
• What is 'penis envy' associated with in Freud's theory?


  It is associated with girls during the phallic stage
• What is the age range for the latent stage of psychosexual development?


  6-12 years
• What happens during the latent stage?


  Children develop mastery of the world and repress earlier conflicts
• What is the final stage of psychosexual development?


  Genital stage
• What is the focus of the genital stage?


  Fixing sexual energy in the genitals and directing towards sexual intercourse
• At what age does the genital stage begin?


  12 years and older