Cells based units of life

• What are the two main layers of a plant cell?

  Cytoplasm and nucleus
• What is the role of the nucleus in a plant cell?


  It acts as a control center for the cell.
• Where can the nucleus be found in a plant cell?


  In the cytoplasm
• What process occurs in the chloroplast?


  Photosynthesis
• What is the function of the vacuole in a plant cell?


  It keeps the plant rigid and helps in storage.
• What is the structure that provides support and protection to a plant cell?

  Cell wall
• What is the role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in a plant cell?


  It serves as a transport network that makes and stores substances.
• What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a plant cell?


  Storage and secretion of materials along with proteins
• What is the primary function of mitochondria in a plant cell?


  It provides power to the cell and is the site of cellular respiration.
• How do mitochondria and chloroplasts differ in their functions within a plant cell?


  Mitochondria are involved in cellular respiration, while chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis.
• What are the main organelles found in a plant cell and their functions?

  • Nucleus: Control center of the cell
  • Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis
  • Vacuole: Maintains rigidity and stores substances
  • Cell wall: Provides support and protection
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum: Transport network for substances
  • Golgi apparatus: Storage and secretion of materials
  • Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration and energy production
• What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?


  It helps maintain turgor pressure and stores substances.
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?


  They are responsible for photosynthesis.
• How do plastids differ from chloroplasts?


  Plastids can be colorless or colored, while chloroplasts specifically contain chlorophyll.
• What is the function of chromoplasts?


  They contain pigments that give color to plant parts.
• What is the function of leucoplasts?


  They store starch and are colorless.
• What is the structure of the cell membrane?

  It consists of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and carbohydrates.
• What does the fluid mosaic model describe?


  It describes the cell membrane as a flexible structure with various proteins floating in or on the fluid lipid bilayer.
• What are the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of phospholipids?


  The heads are hydrophilic (water-loving) and the tails are hydrophobic (water-fearing).
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?


  They are known as the powerhouses of the cell, producing energy.
• Why are mitochondria referred to as the powerhouses of the cell?


  Because they generate ATP through cellular respiration.
• What is the role of lysosomes?


  They contain digestive enzymes that break down damaged organelles and macromolecules.
• What happens to lysosomes when a cell dies?


  They release their enzymes to digest the cell's components.
• What is the typical structure of a plant cell?

  It has a fixed, rigid shape with a large vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall.
• How does the cell membrane regulate what enters and exits the cell?


  It is selectively permeable, allowing only certain substances to pass through.
• What are the three main molecules that make up the cell membrane?

  Phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
• How are the phospholipids arranged in the cell membrane?


  They are arranged in two rows with heads facing outward and tails facing inward.
• What is the significance of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of phospholipids in the cell membrane?


  These properties allow the formation of a bilayer that separates the cell from its environment.