SECTION 4

• When was Hitler appointed Chancellor?

  January 30, 1933
• On what date did Hitler pass the Enabling Act?

  March 24, 1933
• By what date had Hitler achieved his aim of turning Germany into a one-party state?

  july 14, 1933
• How did he get rid of the Communist KPD?

  party membership was treated as an act of treason, effectively banned after reichstag fire
• How did he get rid of the SPD?

  outlawed as a "party hostile to the nation and the state"
• What happened to the DNVP and the Centre Party?

  dissolved themselves
• Why didn't anyone set up a new political party at this time to rival the Nazi Party?

  The Nazi Party had effectively eliminated all opposition, law against the formation of new parties
• What two laws did Hitler introduce with the intention of centralising power in Germany and controlling local governments?


  The Law for the Coordination of the States and the Law for the reconstruction of the reich
• Give two ways that the Nazi's were able to take control of the Civil Service?

  By appointing Nazi loyalists to key positions and by requiring all civil servants to swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler
• How big was the SA in January 1933 compared to January 1934?


  500,000 in january 1933 to 3 million in january 1934
• How did the role of the SA change in February 1933?


  merged with stahlhelm, forming an "auxiliary police" force & gaining legal authority. used to eliminate political opponents and enforce terror.
• What did Ernst Rohm want from Hitler?


  Rohm wanted to make the SA the official army of Germany and to replace the regular army. "second revolution".
• By July 1933 why were the SA less important to Hitler?


  Hitler had achieved his main goals of eliminating his political opponents and consolidating his power, and he no longer needed the SA to maintain order
• Can you give two examples that support the claim that Hitler was forced into taking action against the SA?


  von papen called for an end to SA violence (drunken brawls and targeting police) in a speech, army threatened to declare martial law against SA.
• When did the 'Night of the Long Knives' take place?

  30th June 1934
• How many were executed and arrested during this event?

  at least 84 executed and over 1000 more were arrested
• Apart from Ernst Rohm and other leading SA members, name four other individuals that were targeted?

  Strasser, Schleicher, von Kahr, von papen.
• How did Hitler explain his actions to the nation two weeks later when addressing the Reichstag?


  He claimed that he had acted as the "supreme judge" to protect the german people from an SA coup.
• What were the three outcomes of the 'Night of Long Knives' on the SS, Hitler's public support, and his relationship with the army?


  The SS emerged as the most powerful paramilitary force in Germany, Hitler's public support increased, and his relationship with the army was strengthened
• When did Hindenburg die?


  August 2, 1934
• What two things did Hitler do later that day? (after hindenberg death)


  He merged the offices of Chancellor and President, making himself the Führer of Germany, and made the army pledge allegiance to him.
• When was Hitler officially announced as the Führer?


  August 19, 1934
• Who was Chief of Police in Germany in 1936?


  Himmler
• Other than the SS and SA which other organisation played a key role in the Nazi system of terror and who was it run by?

  The Gestapo, run by Heydrich
• In 1939 which individual and which organisation was placed in complete control of all party and state police organisations?

  Himmler with the creation of the Reich security Department Headquarters.
• What was the SD and who was in charge of it?


  internal security service for the Nazi party, led by Heydrich
• How many officers worked for the Gestapo in 1939?

  around 20,000
• Despite its small numbers why was the Gestapo so feared by people?


  known to use torture and brutality to extract information and instilled atmosphere of fear and suspicion
• Name two ways that the Nazi party gained control of the courts and justice system in Germany?


  creation of the front of german law made it clear that judges and lawyers careers depended on their doing the regimes bidding + introduction of special courts to deal with political crimes
• What is the difference between the new Nazi courts and the old existing courts?


  The new Nazi courts were more politicized: 3 nazi judges alongside 2 professional judges, no juries and no right to appeal.
• Name one Protestant pastor that opposed the Nazis?

  Niemoller
• Name one Catholic bishop that opposed the Nazis?

  Galen
• Who was the Nazi Party's propaganda chief?

  Goebbels
• Can you define Gleichschaltung?


  Gleichschaltung, meaning "coordination," was the Nazi policy of bringing all aspects of German society under the control of the Nazi Party
• What was the official unemployment figures in January 1933 compared to 1935?


  6 million in 1933 to 2 million in 1935
• What were Hitler's two short term economic priorities once coming to power?


  economic recovery from the depression and reduction of unemployment
• What were Hitler's two long term economic priorities?


  an economy capable of sustaining rearmament + economic autarky
• Who was the key figure in Nazi economic policy between 1933-36?


  Schacht
• Give two examples of how the Nazi's 'battle for work' project help to reduce unemployment?


  reintroduction of conscription + unemployed men compelled to do six months labour
• What is the New Plan of 1934 and who introduced it?


  introduced by schacht, the new plan consisted of controls on imports and foreign currency + foreign trade agreements that promoted foreign investments into German goods.