psychopathology

• What is psychopathology?

  Psychopathology is the study of psychological disorders.
• How do we determine if someone's behavior is abnormal?

  We assess if their behavior differs from what is considered normal.
• What are the four main definitions of abnormality?

  1. Deviation from Social Norms 2. Failure to function adequately 3. Deviation from ideal mental health 4. Statistical Infrequency
• What is the definition of deviation from social norms?

  • Behavior that differs from expected standards in a community.
  • Violates unwritten rules about acceptable behavior.
  • Noticing deviations indicates potential mental health issues.
• What does it mean to deviate from social norms?

  It means behaving differently from what is expected in a society.
• What is a potential issue with the deviation from social norms definition?

  Cultural relativism can affect what is considered normal or abnormal.
• How does cultural relativism impact the definition of abnormality?

  Social norms vary between cultures, affecting definitions of normality.
• What is an example of cultural relativism in defining abnormality?

  Homosexuality is considered abnormal in some cultures but normal in others.
• What is a strength of the deviation from social norms definition?

  It is easy to identify clear abnormalities based on social norms.
• How can social norms help in diagnosing antisocial personality disorder?

  Behaviors that violate social norms can be easily identified.
• What are the signs of failure to function adequately according to Rosenhan and Seligman?

  • Not conforming to interpersonal rules (e.g., eye contact).
  • Experiencing severe personal distress.
  • Engaging in irrational or dangerous behavior.
• What does failure to function adequately mean?

  It refers to an inability to cope with everyday demands of life.
• How can cultural differences affect the assessment of failure to function adequately?

  What is considered normal varies across cultures, complicating assessments.
• What is a limitation of the failure to function adequately definition?

  It can be unclear when someone is truly failing to function.
• What is the definition of statistical infrequency?

  It refers to behaviors that are statistically uncommon in the population.
• How is abnormality determined in the statistical infrequency definition?

  By looking at the distribution of a particular behavior in the population.
• What is an example of statistical infrequency in IQ?

  An IQ below 70 is considered statistically uncommon.
• What is a problem with the statistical infrequency definition?

  It can lead to misdiagnosis of individuals who do not need treatment.
• How can labeling someone as abnormal be unhelpful?

  It can cause distress and negative perceptions from others.
• What is Jahoda's criteria for ideal mental health?

  It includes characteristics like self-esteem, personal growth, and autonomy.
• What is a limitation of Jahoda's definition of ideal mental health?

  It sets unrealistically high standards for mental health.
• How does cultural relativism affect Jahoda's definition?

  Some criteria may not apply universally across different cultures.
• What is a strength of Jahoda's definition of ideal mental health?

  It takes a positive and holistic approach to mental health.
• What are the principles of ideal mental health according to Jahoda?

  • Positive self-view and high self-esteem.
  • Capability for personal growth and self-actualization.
  • Independence and self-regulation.
  • Accurate perception of reality.
  • Ability to integrate and manage stress.
  • Mastery of environment (relationships, work, leisure).