humanistic approach

• when did the humanistic approach emerge?


  the 1950s
• what are the three assumptions of the humanistic approach?


  •we should only focus on studying unique subjective human experiences and not use scientific methods

  •people have free will and are in control of their behaviour

  •humans should only be studied in a holistic way, considering all aspects of life
• what does the humanistic approach reject?


  the principles of psychodynamic and behaviourism
• what is the humanistic approach known as?


  the ‘third force’
• who suggested a person centred approach?


  carl roger’s and abraham maslow
• who do rogers and maslow criticise and why?


  freud and watson for stating that behaviours in part as a result of forced out of our control
• what does humanism focus on?


  subjective human experiences and how that shapes the individual
• what’s free will?


  the ability to make out own conscious choices and be in control of our own behaviour
• how does the humanistic approach believe we should understand people?


  consider each unique individiual, their own subjective experiences and their ability to shape their ‘here and now’ rather than being concerned about ‘general laws’ to explain & understand behaviour
• what does roger’s believe?


  all people are essentially ‘good’ snd human nature is positive
• what does roger think everyone’s capable of?


  personal growth and achieving their potential in life - a basic human motive
• what are conditions of worth?


  things we think we must meet in order for other people to accept us as worthy of their love and acceptance and to see ourselves positively
• what do we do with the conditions of worth imposed on us as we grow up?


  internalise them and live our life according to those conditions
• what do we need to achieve our potential?

  unconditional positive regard and positive self worth
• what is unconditional positive regard?


  type of love where people accept and love us despite any faults; in childhood this comes from parents
• what are the consequences of receiving unconditional positive regard?


  person feels free to try things out and make mistakes without feelings that the love/acceptance will be with drawn
• what is positive self worth?


  feeling confident and positive about yourself, facing challenges in life & accepting failure/unhappiness at times and is open with people
• what is congruence?


  the level of similarity between the ideal self and the actual self
• what is developing congruence dependant on?


  receiving unconditional positive regard and having high positive self worth
• what is the ideal self?


  the person you would like to be
• what is the perceived actual self?


  the way you see yourself
• what do we want to do according to roger’s?


  feel, experience and behave in ways which are consistent with our actual self and which reflect our ideal self
• what happens if we achieve congruence?


  higher sense of worth and we can achieve person growth
• what’s it called if you can’t reach a complete state of congruence?

  incongruence
• what does maslow believe needs to be met before people can seek personal growth and fulfilment?


  a number of ‘deficiency needs’
• what are the 5 levels of maslow hierachary of needs?


  physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self actualisation
• what is in the hierarchy of needs?


  each developmental stage:

  
• what are deficit needs?


  esteem, love/belonging, safety, physiological
• what are salient needs?


  needs were currently trying to meet
• why is growth needed in self-actualisation?


  they don’t go away once satisfied; they instead continue to be felt and may become stronger when worked on
• what does a lack of deficit needs drives us to do?


  meet these needs until they’re satisfied and go away
• how can a person move up to a higher need?


  each level must be fulfilled before they can move up
• who did maslow study who he believed had achieved self-actualisation?


  abraham lincoln, albert einstein
• how rare is it to reach self-actualisation?


  only 1-2% of us will achieve this level is the expedition rather than the rule as most people are working on fulfilling the needs lower down the hierarchy
• what can periods of deprivation result in?


  fixation on needs that are subsequently met - neurotic thinking/behaviour
• what are the characteristics of people who have achieved self actualisation?


  self accepting, open/spontaneous, realistic, responsible, enjoys solitude/privacy, autonomous, enjoys the journey not the destination
• how can self actualisation be achieved?


  be accepting, practice mindfulness, empathy, practise openness, consider therapy
• what is person-centered therapy?


  therapist listens without judgement, acknowledges experiences without shifting convo, encourage & support without interrupting/interfering with their processes of self discovery
• why are person in person-centred therapy called clients?


  sees therapies and client as equal partners rather than an expert treating a patient
• what are the three conditions of person centered therapy?


  •unconditional positive regard - empathetic & non-judgementsl, accepts clients words & conveys understanding, trust, confidence so they feel valued and can make their own choices

  •empathetic understanding - understand & accept clients thoughts/feelings to help reshape the sense of their experiences

  •congruence/genuineness - instead of carrying an air of authority/superiority they present a true/accessible self that clients can see is honest/transparent