Predicting Chemical Reactions

• What are the characteristic properties of Group 1 elements?

  They have a single electron in their outer shell.
• How do Group 1 metals react with water?

  They react vigorously to create an alkaline solution and hydrogen.
• What do Group 1 metals form when they react with oxygen?

  They create an oxide.
• What is formed when Group 1 metals react with chlorine?

  They form a white precipitate.
• How does the reactivity of Group 1 elements change down the group?

  The reactivity increases going down the group.
• How many electrons do noble gases have in their outer shell?

  They have 8 electrons, except for helium which has 2.
• Why are noble gases unreactive?

  They have a stable arrangement of electrons.
• What happens to the boiling points of noble gases as you go down the group?

  The boiling points increase with increasing relative atomic mass.
• What is the outer shell electron configuration of halogens?

  They have seven electrons in their outer shell.
• What type of compounds do halogens form when they react with alkali metals?

  They form ionic compounds with halide ions carrying a -1 charge.
• How does the reactivity of halogens change as you go down the group?

  The elements become less reactive because the outer electrons are at a higher energy level.
• What is a characteristic property of transition metals compared to Group 1 metals?

  Transition metals are harder and stronger.
• What is an exception regarding the melting points of transition metals?

  Mercury has a lower melting point than other transition metals.
• How do transition metals react with oxygen and water compared to Group 1 metals?

  They are much less reactive and do not react as vigorously.
• Name some examples of transition metals.

  Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper.
• What are typical properties of transition metals?

  They have ions with many different charges, form colored compounds, and are useful as catalysts.
• How can you predict the reactivity of elements from their position in the periodic table?

  Elements on the left form positive ions, while those on the right form negative ions.
• What does the group number of an element indicate?

  The group number indicates how many electrons are in its outer shell.
• How do metals react with water or dilute acids?

  Metals react by forming positive ions, making them more reactive if they tend to form positive ions easily.
• What is the general reaction of a metal with dilute acid?

  Metal + dilute acid → salt + hydrogen.
• What is the general reaction of a metal with water?

  Metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen.
• How can you deduce the order of reactivity of metals?

  By observing which metals undergo the most vigorous reactions.
• What indicates that a metal is less reactive?

  If it does not react at all in the observed reactions.